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ISSN100021239PCN1121777PTPJournalofComputerResearchandDevelopment45(3):443453,2008:2006-11-18;:2007-06-11:(60403031,90604015);(46135216)MIPv61,2111(100190)2(100049)(chenji@ict1ac1cn)MeasurementandAnalysisforPerformanceofMobileIPv6HandoveranditsBot2tleneckChenJi1,2,ZhengHongxia1,andXieGaogang11(NextGenerationInternetResearchCenter,InstituteofComputingTechnology,ChineseAcademyofSciences,Beijing100190)2(GraduateUniversityofChineseAcademyofSciences,Beijing100049)AbstractMobileIPv6isaprotocolproposedbyIETFwhichallowsmobilenodestoremainreachablewhilemovingaroundintheIPv6Internet1HandoverisakeyfactorthatinfluencesMobileIPv6performance1Handoverlatencyistoolongforreal2timeapplicationsuchasVoIPandcausesperformancedegradationofcurrentcommunication1Anetworklayerhandoverprocedurecanbedividedintofourphases:movementdetection,addressconfiguration,homeagentregistrationandcorrespondentnoderegistration1TheimpactofdifferentprotocollayersandbottleneckofperformanceinallproceduresduringhandoverofMIPv6isan2alyzedinthispaperbasedontheexperimentsofperformancemeasurement1Aperformancemeasurementmethodisdeployedtoaccuratelyparsedelaytimesineachhandoverprocedureandthemodifiedmethodofmeasuringthemovementdetectiondelayandthesuggestionofreducingthedelayineachphaseofhandoverprocedureareproposed1BymeasuringtheTCPslidingwindowandtheperformanceofupperlayerapplica2tionssuchasFTPapplicationduringhandover,theeffectofTCPfeaturesandperformanceofupperlayerapplicationsinhandoverprocedurearealsoanalyzed1Alloftheseresultscouldprovidevaluableguidelineforimprovingtheperformanceofmobilehandoveranddesigninganeffectivemobileprotocol1KeywordsMobileIPv6;handover;delayinphases;performancemeasurement;bottleneckMIPv6(mobileIPv6)IETF(InternetEngineeringTaskForce)IP1MIPv613MIPv6,1,,MIPv6,1,TCP,TCP;FTP,11MIPv6;;;;TP393IP1,1,,1,1MIPv6[1]IP,IP,1MIPv61XavierMIPv6,HMIPv6(hierarchicalMIPv6)[2],FMIPv6(fasthandoversforMIPv6)[3]HMIPv6+FMIPv6[4],HMIPv6,FMIPv6,HMIPv6+FMIPv6MIPv61[4]NS2,,1,MIPv6FMIPv6HMIPv6HMIPv6+FMIPv6,MIPv6,1AlbertMIPv6,,[5]1,,,1[6]LinuxFreeBSDMIPv6,,,1,,1[7],1,,TCPPIP,MIPv6,1[8]MIPv6,,,,MIPv6,1802111WLAN,MIPv6,1MIPv6,33,;,,,1TCPTCP,TCP,0,TCP1,223,2311MIPv6111MIPv6MIPv631MIPv6IP:(homeaddress,HOA)(care2ofaddress,COA)1,1,IQ1,1,12,,AP(accesspoint)1AP,AP,APAP,,,AP,212112,1,,,12AP,,,,4442008,45(3)Fig11Level2handover111,,,,1,MIPv6,,1321112,34,24:1)TD1[7],11112t0t1,TD:TD=t1-t01(1)2)TA1,IPv6()11112t2,TA:TA=t2-t11(2)3)TR1112t3,TR:TR=t3-t21(3)4)TO1,544:MIPv6Fig12Level3handover1212t4,TO:TO=t4-t31(4),3Handoverdelay=TD+TA+TR+TO1(5)2211,AP,31100m30m1,,AP,AP80m,AP100m,100Mbps1,,,13mPsFig13Experimentscenario131,,Internet,,1,,1,AP,AP16442008,45(3)11:Table1ConfigurationofDevices1No1DeviceSoftwareConfigurationHardwareInformation1HALinux216115+MIPL21011[10]+radvd0191[9]CPU:IntelPentium,2100GHz,Mem:256MB,NIC:TP2LINK2TF23239DL2ARFreeBSD+radvd0191CPU:IntelPentium,2100GHz,Mem:512MB,NIC:TP2LINK2TF23239DL3MNLinux216115+MIPL21011[10]CPU:IntelPentiumM,1500MHz,Mem:512MB,NIC:TP2LINK2TL2WN310G4APsChannel6andChannel11NetgearWG602v35CNLinux216115+MIPL21011[10]CPU:IntelPentium,1160GHz,Mem:256MB,NIC:TPLink2TF23239DL212,MIPv6,MIPv611,,,1,1FTP,HTTP,TELNET,1,1,,MIPv613311MIPv631RFC3775[1],1,123123[10],313111134,11213[7],311,503,4,,1,TD,TA,TR,TO,,1Fig14Overviewof3levelhandoverlatency144,TD0,1TD0,,,,TDTD0,TD01,TD3,21,2,3,1,3TD123TD:2,,2744:MIPv62121TD12TD,,15TD3:Fig15Overviewof3levelhandoverlatencyaftermodifyingTDphase15TD35,30,35000ms,313%3000ms,95%4000ms12950ms,4384ms,3603ms13MIPv6,()12,TATR12,11Table2HandoverLatencyinEveryPhase2MetricMax(ms)Min(ms)Average(ms)Average(%)StandardDeviationTD24911315741363314TA2438153618255016722011TR11039991014281152516TO995416061618224818Total43842950360310031018311123,3,3:1)TD,TD167[12][30ms,70ms][300ms,700ms]TD:Fig16TDat[30ms,70ms]routeradvertisementinterval16[30ms,70ms]TDFig17TDat[300ms,700ms]routeradvertisementinterval17[300ms,700ms]TD67,30ms70ms,40,TD1861584ms,1441678ms1300ms700ms,40,TD7941698ms,3631819ms167RFC3775[1]:18442008,45(3)2)TA(routeradvertisement),,linklocal641TA(careofad2dress,CoA)15TA1825ms1,(bindingupdate,BU)10001500ms1RFC2462RFC2461[12]1IPv6,IPv6,,1Linuxdadtransmits1Linuxdadtransmits0,,TA,8:Fig18TAwithoutDAD18TA8TA,16,TA1000ms,TA75519412ms15TA1000ms,TA18251088ms15816%TA,13)TRTR1,TR1,,,11,1,TA,1,MIPv6:,,,1,1,1,TR9:Fig19TRwithoutDAD19TR9TR5TR19,11,TR100ms,5TR110,1944:MIPv6,1,,,,12:,114)TOTO,1,,,,,1,,,11,1312TCP,1,,,,1TCP,TCPTCP110TCP11001,,1TCP,,TCP,0,011,,1,TCP,0,1,,TCP,TCP1Fig110TCPslidingwindowduringhandover110TCP,TCP1TCP,1,,1TCP,100,,01,TCP11,TCP1TCP1,,,TCP1,,TCP1TCP0,TCP,10542008,45(3)313312TCP,TCPTCP1,TCP0,,TCP1TCP,1FTP[13]1,FTP,FTP1FTPcd3FTP111Fig111FTPperformanceparameterscumulativedistribution1(a)Normalparametersand(b)Parametersduringhandover111FTP1(a);(b)11(a)FTP()140,,,cd1,100%cd10ms,85%20ms,90%30ms111(b)11401,111(b)cd1001000ms,70%80%900010000ms,300030000ms111(a)11(b)FTP,1000112(a)12(b)FTP401Fig112FTPuploadratecumulativedistribution1(a)Normaluploadrateand(b)Uploadrateduringhandover112FTP1(a);(b)154:MIPv612(a)12(b),,FTP1,HTTP,TELNET,FTP