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名词性从句主语从句，表语从句，宾语从句和同位语从句在复合句中的作用相当于名词，因此这四种从句统称为名词性从句。这四种从句与主句间不用逗号。一．名词性从句连接词的选用可分为三类：1.that在名词性从句中只起连接作用，不充当成分，也没有实际意义。Thathewillcomeiscertain.Ithinkthathe’llbeallrightinafewdays.ThefactisthatIhaveneverbeenthere.Thefactthatshehadnotsaidanythingsurprisedallofus.2.whether/if在名词性从句中有“是否”之意，但不充当成分。附Whether/if区分：在宾语从句中可互换，但介词和discuss后的宾语从句用whether;其它名词性从句用whether；可以说whethertodo但不能说iftodo;可说whether/if……ornot,whetherornot，不能说ifornot.Whethershe’scomingornotdoesn’tmattertoomuch.Iwonderwhether/ifitistrue.Thequestioniswhetheritisworthdoing.Theyaskedmethequestionwhethertheworkwasworthdoing.Idon’tknowwhetherornottheywillcome.(不能用ifornot)Idon’t’knowif/whethertheywillcomeornot.另外别忘了if可引导条件状语从句。试比较：Pleaseletmeknowifyouwanttogo.Pleaseletmeknowwhetheryouwanttogo.3.其它连接词的选用遵循：“缺什么，补什么”的原则。缺状语，补连接副词where,when,why,how;缺主语，宾语，表语，定语，补连接代词：who,whom,what,which,whose.Whereshehasgoneisnotknownyet.Whyhediditwasn’tquiteclear.Howhebecameagreatscientistisknowntousall.Idon’tknowwherewearegoingtohavethemeeting.Pleasetellmewhenweshalldiscussourworkplan.Thisiswhyheislate.Ihavenoideawhenhewillcomeback.Ireallydon’tknowwhatheisdoing.Whichsidewillwinisnotclear.Thatiswhatheisworriedabout.Doyouknowwho/whomtheyarewaitingfor.Heaskedwhosedictionaryitwas.二．名词性从句应该注意的。1.名词性从句用陈述语序。注意whatisthematterwith…….被看作陈述语序。如：Doyouknowwhatisthematterwithhim?不能用Doyouknowwhatthematteriswithhim?2.同位语从句和定语从句的区分：同位语从句对其前边的名词起解释补充说明,可译为“既;那就是”;定语从句对先行词起修饰限制作用,译为“┉的”;that引导的定语从句在从句中要充当成分,作宾语,表语可省略;而that引导的同位语从句只起引导作用,不充当成分,不能省略.Thesuggestion(that)ourteachergaveussoundsOK.ThesuggestionthatweshouldarrangeourtimescientificallysoundsOK.Thenews(that)youheardisnottrue.ThenewsthatLincolnwasmurderedatatheatreistrue.Thefactthatyoupointedoutmademeinterested.Thefactthattherearenolivesonthemoonisknowntousall.3.名词性从句中的what可改为定语从句thething(s)/person(s)that;whatever可改为anythingthat,whoever可改为anyonewhoTheyarecarefulaboutwhattheyeat.=Theyarecarefulaboutthethingsthattheyeat.Heisnotwhatheusedtobe.=Heisnottheonethatheusedtobe.HewouldbelievewhateverIsaid.=HewouldbelieveanythingthatIsaid.Whoeverleavestheroomlastshouldturnoffthelight.=Anyonewholeavestheroomlastshouldturnoffthelight.4.wh-ever和nomatterwh-区分：引导让步状语从句，wh-ever可换为nomatterwh-,引导名词性从句则不能。如：WhateverIsaid,hewouldn’tlistentome.=NomatterwhatIsaid,hewouldn’tlistentome.5.名词性从句中that的省略：宾语从句中的that可以省略，但并列的宾语从句只有第一个从句的that可以省略，第二个从句和第二个以后的that不能省；it作形式宾语的宾语从句that不能省;介词后的宾语从句的that不能省；表语从句中的that和it作形式主语的主语从句的that在口语中偶有省略。同位语从句中的that不能省略。6.reason或cause作主语以及why引导的主语从句作主语，其后的表语从句连接词不用because，常用that，而且since和as不能引导表语从句。Whyfarmlandhereisbeinglostisthatfarmershavecutdowntoomanytreesinrecentyears.Thereasonforhisbeingabsencefromtheconferencewasthathewasdelayedbytheaccident.7.宾语从句：be+sure/certain/glad/pleased/satisfied/surprised等也可接宾语从句。I’mnotsurewhatIshoulddo.I’mafraidyoudon’tunderstandwhatIsaid.宾语从句否定的转移：主句的主语是一人称，谓语是think、believe、suppose、expect、imagine等，对从句的否定习惯上要转移到主句上，并且其反义疑问句要和从句保持一致。Idon’tthinkyouareright,areyou?Idon’tbelievetheyhavefinishedtheirworkyet,havethey?宾语从句后有宾语补足语要用it作形式宾语。Hehasmadeitclearthathewillnotgivein.8.注意it作形式主语的主语从句和强调句的区分。练习1.Marywroteanarticleon______theteamhadfailedtowinthegame.A.whyB.whatC.whoD.that2.Assoonashecomesback,I’lltellhimwhen______andseehim.A.youwillcomeB.willyoucomeC.youcomeD.doyoucome3._____intheregulationsthatyoushouldnottellotherpeoplethepasswordofyouremailaccount.A.WhatisrequiredB.WhatrequiresC.ItisrequiredD.Itrequires4.Elephantshavetheirownwaytotelltheshapeofanobjectand_______itisroughorsmooth.A./B.whetherC.howD.which5.Iwassurprisedbyherwords,whichmademerecognize______sillymistakesIhadmade.A.whatB.thatC.howD.which6.Ilike______intheautumnwhentheweatherisclearandbright.A.thisB.thatC.itD.one7.Youaresayingthateveryoneshouldbeequal,andthisis_____Idisagree.A.whyB.whereC.whatD.how8.Amoderncityhasbeensetupin_______wasawastelandtenyearsago.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.where9.Astorygoes______ElizabethⅠofEnglandlikednothingmorethanbeingsurroundedbycleverandqualifiednoblemenatcourt.A.whenB.whereC.whatD.that10.Theotherday,mybrotherdrovehiscardownthestreetat______Ithoughtwasadangerousspeed.A.asB.whichC.whatD.that11.Alongwiththeletterwashispromise_______hewouldvisitmethiscomingChristmas.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whether12.Itisprettywellunderstood______controlstheflowofcarbondioxideinandouttheatmospheretoday.A.thatB.whenC.what.Dhow13.–Areyoustillthinkingaboutyesterday’sgame?--Oh,that’s_______.A.whatmakesmefeelexcitedB.whateverIfeelexcitedaboutC.howIfeelaboutitD.whenIfeelexcited14.______madetheschoolproudwas______morethan90percentofthestudentshadbeenadmittedtokeyuniversities.A.What;becauseB.What;thatC.That;whatD.That;because15.Whenyouanswerquestionsinajobinterview,pleaserememberthegoldenrule:Alwaysgivethemonkeyexactly______hewants.A.whatB.whichC.whenD.that16.There’safeelinginme______we’llneverknowwhataUFOis.A.thatB.whichC.ofwhichD.when17.I’lltellthem_____cametoseethemlastMonday.A.whoeverB.whomeverC.nomatterwhoD.who18.Theyarejustcollegegraduatesanddon’trealize_______tostartandrunacompany.A.whattakesitB.whattheytakeC.whattakesthemD.whatitta