搜索
1副词和形容词同形（AdverbsandAdjectivesIdenticalinForm）有的形容词同副词在词形上完全一样，但形容词起的是定语作用，而副词起的却是状语作用。如：Anearlyrisergetsupearly.Afasttraintravelsfast.Dailynewspapersarepublisheddaily.Thisishardwork.Wehavetoworkhard.区别副词和形容词常常依靠该词句法功能。如：gostraight,tellsomeonestraight中为副词。在短语setsomeone/somethingstraight,putsomeone/somethingstraight,drinkwhiskystraight,keepone’sfacestraight中的straight看作形容词，因straight在些起宾语补足语的作用。英语中常有成对的副词：一个不带－ly,另一个由形容词加后缀－ly构成。这种有－ly的副词有时可同无－ly的副词互换，有时两者的用法和意义不一。但一般来说没有后缀－LY的副词表示动作所造成的结果、状态或给人的感觉，而,带有后缀－LY的副词则表示的动作方式。如：bright,brightlycheap,cheaplyShesellshergoodscheap.(cheap可用cheaply替换。在较为随便的谈话中，当动词是buy,sell时，常用cheap.clean,cleanlyThisknifecutscleanly.Thebulletwentcleanthroughthewall.Cleanthrough=rightthrough.作副词的clean含义为completely,right.在非正式语体里，它常跟动词forget,介词over,through,副词away,out连用。如：SorryIdidn’tturnup---ICLEANFORGOT.Theballsailedcleanovertheroof.Theprisonergotcleanaway.I’mafraidI’mcleanoutof(=havenomore)food.clear,clearlyStandclearofthedoorsofthetrain.副词clear跟of一起时，意为awayfrom,nottouching.Hethrewherclearacrosstheroom.Clearacross=rightacross“Isaiditveryloudandclear(clear=clearly);Iwentandshoutedinhisear.”2HespokesoclearlythatIcouldheareveryword.close,closelyComeclose;Iwanttotellyousomething.(作副词时，“接近地，”“紧密地”，表具体近的程度)Theboyfollowedclosebehindhisfather.Thefellowstoodcloseagainstthewall.副词close是near之意，过去分词前常用closely.如：Theteacherwascloselyfollowedbyhispupils.Closely表示一种抽象的概念，“紧密地”“密切地”“严密地”。WeshouldcloselybeunitedaroundChairmanJiang.Shecloselyresembleshermother.Watchhimclosely.(=carefully,withattention)dead,deadlyTheroadisverydangerous.Godeadslow.(=exactly,completely,slow,可用slowly替换)还有deaddrunk,deadtired,deadright,deadsure,deadcertain等与deadslow同.Don’ttouchthat.It’sdeadly.(=adj.;fatal,causingdeath)It’sdeadlypoisonous.(=very)Ican’treadthis.It’sdeadlydull.(=very)Deep,deeplyDeep作副词时，常用来表示具体的深度，“深地”，修饰静止的状态和具体的动作。而deeply用来修饰情感的动词、形容词和过去分词，表示抽象的概念。Ourteachersoftenworkdeepintothenight.Hehadtodigdeeptofindwater.Weweredeeplymovedbywhathehaddone.I’mdeeplygratefulforthehelpyougaveme.direct,directlyThesenewlawsconcernusalldirectly.(=inadirectway“直接地”)Let’smeetdirectly（＝immediately）afterlunch;thenI‘lltakeyoudirecttoyourroom.(=withoutdeviation,主要用于说及旅行和时间表,指空间、距离，如行程中的不停顿、不绕道，”直接地““不绕（圈）地”)HeflewdirecttoNewYork.Hecameandreporteditdirecttome.3Heshouldbetheredirectly.Shedrovedirectlytoschool.Shedrovedirecttoschool.Thenextflightdoesn’tgodirecttoRome,itgoesbywayofParis.easy,easilyA:Ican’ttakethistableeasily(=withoutdifficulty).B:Yes,butgoeasy(=Don’tberough)withit.It’sanantique.Easy作为副词用在一些固定搭配中。如：takeiteasy(=relax);Standeasy!(amiitarycommand);Easycome,easygo(=Whatwegetwithoutdifficultyisquicklylost).fair,fairlyI’vemarkedyouressayfairly(=justly,honestly,accordingtotherules),andIcanassureyou(that)it’sfairly(=quite,rather)good.Hetoldthefactsfairly.Fair作副词只用在playfair,speakfair,tohitsomethingfairandsquare中。fine,finelyThatsuitsmefine.You’redoingfine.Fineadv.=well,一般用在口语中;若某东西finelycut或finelychopped,意为cutintoverysmallpieces.firm,firmlyIfwestandfirm,(=unyield)Ifirmlybelieveweshallsucceed.Theguardisstandingfirmattheentranceofthecamp.Holdthispostfirm(=firmly)whileIhammeritintotheground.Theboyfirmlycaughtholdoftherope.有的词典认为standfirm,stayfirm,setfirm,holdfirm中的firm为adj.free,freelyYoucaneatfree(=withoutpayment)inmyrestaurantwheneveryoulike.Don’tletthedogrunfree.(=inafreemanner)Youcanspeakfreely(=withoutlimitationorrestriction)infrontofGeorge---heknowseverything.hard,hardlyYouhaveworkedhardtoday.(=diligently,strenuously)You’vehardlyeatenanything.(=almostnot)4high,highlyHe’sveryambitious:heaimshigh.Throwtheballashighasyoucan.Canyoujumpthathigh?Heheldhisheadhigh.此处high为高度(height)及位置(position)用作副词时，指具体的高度。Highly指抽象概念的高，常用来修饰形容词的分词和用在一些常见的搭配中。如：Heisahighlyskilledworker.Theheadmasterthinkshighlyofmyteaching.He’shighlyintelligent,highlytrained.(==toahigdegree;verymuch)用于比喻意义时常用highly,如:Theyspeakhighlyofyou.just,justlyHewasjustlypunishedforhiscrimes.(=inaccordancewithjusticeorthelaw公正地，正当地).Thejudgedealedthecasejustly.Weeachweretreatedjustly.I’vejustbeenreadingaveryinterestingbook.(=amomentago,exactly,merely)Dojustasyoulike.(正好)Heisjustanordinaryman（仅仅）.I’mjustoutofhospital.Heisjustachild,don’tquarrelwithhim.late,latelyEverymorningthisweekshehasarrivedlate.(=afterthetimeexpected,晚地，迟地)Hasshebeenherelately?(=recently,notlongago，最近，近来，常用在疑问句和否定句中，在肯定句中常用recently.)Haveyouseenherlately?Ihearthatyouhaven’tbeenwelllately.Hearrivedhomeverylatefromworkyesterday.但二者都可用在aslateas,aslatelyas片语中。loud,loudly5Don’tspeaksoloud.They’llhearyou.在非正式语体中常用loud替换loudly,louder替换moreloudly;在动词talk,speak,shout,laugh后,以及在短语loudandclear里也是如此.但介词短语前却只用loudly.如:Theyshoutedloudlyforhelp.Noonecame.low,lowlyTacklehimlow;grabhislegs.Low是high的反义词，可说flylow,aimlow,speaklow,bowlow.Heoccupiesalowlyposition.(=adj.,humble.)most,mostlyHeenjoysacigarettesometimes,butmostlyhesmokesapipe.Mostly==mainly,adj.Most==very.:Ofallthecompetitorsshewastheonewhomostdeservedtowin.near,nearlyNationalDayisdrawingnear.Near:adj&adv.;Nearly:adv.almostbutnotquite.Hewasnearlykilledintheaccident.Nearly可作修饰语置于不