阅读理解之主旨题

1高一英语专题培优——阅读理解解题技巧第二节：阅读理解之主旨大意题分析解读：我们阅读一篇文章，首先是要了解其大意，明确其主旨。因此，主旨大意题是常考题。主旨大意题考查的是考生对文章内容的深层次理解,它要求考生必须在充分理解全文的前提下,对整篇文章的主旨大意有一个较为清晰的印象。近年来，主旨大意题在阅读理解一直保持比较大的比重，但难度加深，要求考生解题时对文章的主旨大意进行综合、归纳、推断后，方可得出正确答案。技巧点拨：1.常见提问方式：mainidea,mainpurpose,besttitle型（1）what’sthemainideaofthepassage?（2）Thepassageismainlyabout_______.（3）Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthemainideaofthepassage?（4）What’sthepurposeofthepassage?（5）Thepassagetellsusthat________.（6）Whichisthebesttitleofthepassage?（7）Fromthepassagewecanlearnthat_________.2.弄清文章的大意，关键是找到主题句。练一练：找出下面段落的主题（1）Thepandaisapopularanimal.StoriesaboutthepandaintheWashingtonZooarealwaysfrontpagenewsandimportantfeaturesontelevisionnewscasts.Stuffedpandasareamongthemostpopulartoysforchildren,andpandapostcardsarealwaysindemandinzoogiftshops.不难看出，文章的第一句是主题句，后面的句子都围绕这个句子展开。（2）Somestudentspreferastrictteacherwhotellsthemexactlywhattodo.Othersprefertobelefttoworkontheirown.Stillotherslikeademocraticdiscussiontypeofclass.Nooneteachingmethodcanbedevisedtosatisfyallstudentsatthesametime.（周六考B篇，主题句在文章的最后，放飞梦想：soletyourimaginationrunwild,daretodream）（3）Nothingisasusefulasaflashlightonadarknightifatiregoesflat.Fewinventions(发明)aresohelpfultoachildwhoisafraidofthedark.Infact,themodernflashlightbringslighttomanydarksituations.Findingsomethinginthebackofaclosetiseasywithaflashlightinhand.Acamperalsoneedsoneafterthelightofthecampfirehasbeenout.(4)Smokingcigarettesisharmfultoyourhealth.Experimentsshowthatcigarettesmokingcancausecancer.Besidesthemostseriousandterribleillness,cancer,cigarettesmokingalsocancauseotherhealthproblems.Forexample,itcangiveone2a“smoker’scough”.Finally,studieshaveshownitiseasyforcigarettesmokerstocatchcolds.Whetheryougetanunimportantcoldorterriblekiller——cancer,smokingisharmful.Isitworthit?议论文总—分—总，首尾呼应总结：略读(skimming)是概括和归纳段落的中心思想的手段。用略读快速将全文阅读一遍。特别注意文首、文尾，或每段的首句和尾句等，搜索主题线索和主题信息。（略读时要注意的是要顺行快速向前移动眼睛，千万不要停顿或复视。遇到生词时尽量猜，不然就跳过去。）同时，对高频出现的词要注意！3.找主题句的四个小窍门：（1）段落中出现表转折的词语（如：however,but,infact,actually等）时，该句很可能是主题句。（2）首段中出现疑问句是，对该问题的回答很可能就是文章主旨（3）作者有意思地反复重复的观点，通常是主旨；反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。（4）表示总结或结论的话常有therefore,thus,inshort,conclude,conclusion,inaword等。典型例析：一、段落主旨类例1：Inthe1930s,alotofpeopleintheUSAwereoutofwork.AmongthesepeoplewasamannamedAlfredButts.Healwayshadaninterestinwordgamesandtofillhistimeheplannedagamewhichhecalled“Lexico”.However,hewasnotcompletelysatisfiedwiththegame,sohemadeanumberofchangestoitandchangeditsnamefrom“Lexico”to“Alph”andthento“CrissCross”.Hewantedtomakesomemoneyfromhisnewgamebuthedidn’thaveanyrealcommercial(商业性的)success.Q:Thetextismainlyabout________.A.LexicoB.ThreemenC.AwordgameD.AlfredButts.【解题思路】答案A和C以偏概全。因此此题的正确答案应为D。例2：InAmericanwehaveHalloween.InMexicotheyhaveTodosSantos,whichmeans“AllSaints”.Thisisthedayinwhichpeoplerememberfamilyandfriendswhohavedied.Theyvisitthecemeteryinsteadofgoingouttotrick-or-treat.Buttheydohavepicturesofskeletonsandghostshangingaround.Theyalsohavemanycandyskullstoeat.Q:Whatdoesthestorymainlytells?A.WhatholidayarelikeB.WhatHalloweenislikeinMexico(曲解文章意思，并没有说两个是一样的)C.WhathappensduringTodosSantosD.WhatwedoonHalloween练一练：JoshuaBinghamstudied4yearsattheUniversityofParisanddecidedtoleavehisgraduation.HetransferredtotheUniversityofBerlinandgraduatedwithhonors.HarvardLaw3Schooland,later,BostonCollegeprovidedhimwithanexcellentlegal（法律的）background.Heispresentlyacorporation（公司）lawyerinMiami,Florida.Q:Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?＿＿＿＿A.HowJoshuaBinghambecamealawyer.B.Binghamisadiligentstudent.C.JoshuaBinghamreceivedanexcellenteducation.D.Agoodlawyerneedsgoodeducation.【解题思路】此文没有主题句。全篇共四句，只陈述了四个细节(detail)性的事实。因此就答案本身看，个个都对。读者只能将所有的details综合起来，进行逻辑推理，才能构成一个没有言明的主题思想(unstatedmainidea)。由于文中主要涉及了JoshuaBingham接受教育的情况，即作者想告诉我们的是：JoshuaBingham接受过良好的教育，所以答案是Ｃ。技巧：段落结构分析段落结构种类主题句的位置关键提示词开头(新闻报道、议论文)besides,forexample…结尾（说明文）so,therefore,thus,clearly,…中间（出现转折时）but,however,actually,infact,…没有明确的主题句（记叙文，注意反复出现的词语）tosumup,inaword,allinall,aboveall,inshort,inconclusion,…切记不要以偏概全,注意多次出现的高频词或主题词！二、标题类例：Wethinkofafloodoranearthquakeasanaturaldisaster.Tomanyofnature’sanimals,however,thegreatestdisasteristhecomingoflargenumbershumans.WhensetterscamefromtheEasttoAmerica’sgreatwesternplains,theykilledmillionsofbison,poisonedtheprairiedogs,andshotthecoyotes.Allthisupsetthearea’sbalanceofnature.Fortheanimals,itwasworsethanafloodorearthquake.Q:whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.FloodsandEarthquakeB.Humans——DisastertoNatureC.AmericanSettlersD.NatureBalanceItself练一练：Ifyouwereplanningtobuyatelevisionset,thefollowingadvertisementwouldcertainlydrawyourattention:“ColorTV.Only$79.Twodayssale.Hurryup.”However,whenyougotothestorereadytobuy.Youmaydiscoverthattheyaresoldout.Buttheshopassistantisquicktotellyouthathehasanothermodel.Amuchbettersetwhichis“justrightforyou”Itcosts$395.4Thissalesmethodiscalled“baitandswitch”.Buyersarebaitedwithasalesadvertisement,andthentheyareswitchedtoanothermoreexpensiveone.Buyingthingsonsaleneedscarefulconsiderationofthegoodsandthereasonforthesale.Q:Theparagraphcouldbeentitled__________.A.BuyingATVSet太泛，或只是一个例子B.ASel