单句语法填空1.(2015·全国卷Ⅰ语法填空)Afewhoursbefore,I'dbeenathomeinHongKong,with(it)chokingsmog.2.(2015·广东高考语法填空)Nowitoccurredto(he)thathisfarmhadmuchpotentialandthatthedeathofthecowwasabitofluck.第二讲代词itshim3.(2014·全国卷Ⅱ语法填空)Thenthedriverstoodupandasked,“Didanyoneloseasuitcaseatthelaststop?”Awomanonthebusshouted,“Oh,dear!It's(I)”.4.(2014·广东高考语法填空)Lastyear,mybrotherandIwenttoMiamiforavacation.Someofmyfriendswhohadbeentherebeforesaidwasawonderfulholidaydestination.5.(2014·全国卷Ⅰ语法填空)Theriverwassopollutedthat__actuallycaughtfireandburned.6.(2015·陕西高考改编)Towarmhimself,thesailorsatinfrontofthefirerubbingonebarefootagainstthe.me/mineititother一、人称代词①Shewasbeautifulandcouldrunfasterthanothers.她(那时)很美并且比其他人跑得快。②Givemeachallenge,andIwillmeetitwithjoy.让我迎接挑战,我会欣然接受。形式句法功能主格I,we,you,he,she,it,they主要用作主语,有时用作表语宾格me,us,you,him,her,it,them作动词或介词的宾语;口语中常用宾格作表语二、物主代词Heinvitedsomefriendsofhistohisparty.他邀请了他的一些朋友参加宴会。形式句法功能形容词性物主代词my,our,your,his,her,its,their作定语名词性物主代词mine,ours,yours,his,hers,its,theirs作主语、宾语或表语三、反身代词Thechildlookedathimselfinthemirrorwithinterest.那个孩子饶有兴趣地看着镜子里的自己。形式句法功能myself,yourself,himself,herself,itself,ourselves,yourselves,themselves作宾语、表语或同位语[名师指津]含有反身代词的习惯用语:byoneself独自地foroneself亲自cometooneself苏醒;恢复知觉dressoneself自己穿衣behaveyourself举止规矩有礼devoteoneselfto致力于applyoneselfto专心致志于helponeselfto随便吃/用enjoyoneself玩得开心seatoneself就座,入席makeyourselfathome别客气teachoneself自学adapt/adjustoneselfto适应于四、指示代词指示代词用法this/these指在时间或空间上较近的人或事物;this可指下文将要谈到的人或物that/those指在时间或空间上较远的人或事物;that可指上文提到过的人或物such指代前面所叙述的人或事物。作主语时,谓语动词的单复数取决于后面的名词或代词的数so代替一个句子或短语所表达的事情,意思是“如此,这样”。在believe,think,expect,suppose,imagine,guess等词后用so代替前文提出的观点①Thequalityofeducationinthissmallschoolisbetterthanthatinsomelargerschools.(2015·天津高考单选)这所规模很小的学校的教学质量比有些规模较大的学校的教学质量还要好。②StudyingWendy'smenu,IfoundthatmanyoftheitemsaresimilartothoseofMcDonald's.(2012·浙江高考单选)研究了温迪的菜单,我发现其中很多东西和麦当劳的相似。③Sucharemyfriendswhowillneverfailtohelpmewhenneeded.我的朋友们就是这样:永远会在我需要他们时伸出援手。④—IsJamescomingtonight?—Ithinkso,butI'mnotsure.——詹姆斯今晚会来吗?——我想会的,但我不能肯定。五、不定代词(一)不定代词的基本用法不定代词用法each/both/alleach指“(两者或两者以上物或人中的)每个”;both表示“两者都”;all指“(三者或三者以上物或人中的)所有,全部”either/neithereither表示“(两者中的)任何一个”;neither表示“两者都不”none/nothingnone表示“(三者或三者以上)全无,没有一点”;nothing表示“没有任何东西,没有事”不定代词用法anotheranother泛指“(三者或三者以上中的)另一,又一”other/othersother泛指“其余的,另外的”,只作定语。other+可数名词复数=otherstheother/theotherstheother特指“(两者之中的)另一个”。theother+可数名词复数=theothers①Asthetwodictionariesareuseful,I'lltakebothandeitherofthemisveryimportanttome.因为这两本字典有用,我把两本字典都带上,每一本对我而言都很重要。②—WouldyouliketogoshoppingwithmeonSaturdayorSunday?—I'msorry.Neitherwillsuitme.I'llbeawayonbusinessduringthatperiod.——星期六或星期天陪我去购物好吗?——对不起。那两天都不行。我那段时间将正在出差。③Youareateamstar!Workingwithothersisreallyyourcupoftea.你是队里的明星!与别人一起工作的确是你的所爱。④Neithersideispreparedtotalktotheotherunlesswecansmooththingsoverbetweenthem.除非我们能够消除他们之间的矛盾,否则他们双方都不打算与对方讲话。(二)复合不定代词的用法①Thereissomethinginhiswords.Weshouldhaveatry.他说的话不无道理,我们应该试一试。②Thisprojectrequirescloseteamwork.Nothingwillbeachievedunlessweworkwelltogether.(2013·安徽高考单选)这个项目需要密切的团队合作,除非我们通力合作,否则将一事无成。某……任何……每个……;所有……没有……人someone/somebodyanyone/anybodyeveryone/everybodynoone/nobody物somethinganythingeverythingnothing(三)表示数量的不定代词的用法代词用法表示意义含义few修饰可数名词否定含义几乎没有afew修饰可数名词肯定含义几个;一些little修饰不可数名词否定含义几乎没有alittle修饰不可数名词肯定含义少量;一点点many修饰可数名词肯定含义许多much修饰不可数名词肯定含义许多①Fewofuscanspeakfourforeignlanguages.我们当中很少有人会说四种外语。②Ihaveafewfriends,butmyyoungersisterhasveryfew.我有一些朋友,但我妹妹几乎没有朋友。③ShecanspeakalittleFrench,butsheknowslittleEnglish.她能讲点法语,但她几乎不懂英语。六、it的用法1.it用作人称代词,用来指代事物或上文提到过的内容。TheSmithsboughtanewhousebutitwillneedalotofworkbeforetheycanmovein.史密斯一家买了一套新房子,但是在入住之前有大量的工作要做。2.it指时间、距离、天气等。It's112milesfromLondontoBirmingham.从伦敦到伯明翰有112英里。3.it用作形式主语或形式宾语,而把真正的主语或宾语放在后面,真正的主语或宾语往往由从句、动名词、不定式充当。①Itisnogoodlivingalonewithoutkeepingintouchwithothers.独居而不和他人来往没有好处。(it作形式主语,动名词短语livingalonewithout...为真正的主语)②Nomatterwhereheis,hemakesitaruletogoforawalkbeforebreakfast.不管在哪里,他养成了早餐前散步的习惯。(it作形式宾语,动词不定式togofor...为真正的宾语)③Hedidn'tmakeitclearwhenandwherethemeetingwouldbeheld.他没说清楚何时何地举行会议。(it作形式宾语,从句whenandwhere...为真正的宾语)[知识积累]常用it作形式主语或形式宾语的句式:Itisapity/shamethat...真可惜/丢人……Itisnowonderthat...难怪……Itseems/appearsthat...似乎/看起来……Itlooks/seemsasif/though...看起来好像……Ithappensthat...碰巧……Itoccursto/comesto/strikes/hitssb.that...某人突然想起……Itissaid/reported/announced/believed/hoped/suggestedthat...据说/据报道/据宣布/人们认为/人们希望/人们建议……Itisnouse/good/awasteoftimedoingsth.做某事没有用/好处/浪费时间Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.做某事花费某人多长时间主语+表示情感倾向的动词或动词短语(enjoy,prefer,love,like,hate,dislike,appreciate,rely/counton等)+it+that/if/when...①Iwouldappreciateitifyoutakemysuggestionintoconsideration.如果你考虑我的建议我将感激不尽。②Itisawasteoftimetryingtopersuadehimtochangehismind.Asisknowntousall,heissostubborn.试图说服他改变主意是在浪费时间。众所周知,他是如此固执。[典题精选][我来改正][常设误点](1)代词单复数的错用人称代词、物主代词以及反身代词等都有单复数之分,要根据上下文确定单复数。①(2015·浙江高考)Closetotheschooltherewasabeautifulparkwithmanytreesaroundthem.②(2016·太原市模拟)Ioftenwatchedthemcarefullysoastolearnhistechniques.①them→②his→ittheir[典题精选][我来改正][常设误点](2)物主代词的错用①形容词性物主代词相当于形容词,不能单独使用,常用来修饰名词;②名词性物主代词相当于名词,常单独使用,不能修