可数名词和不可数名词的讲解和练习

博科第五次培训姓名：时间：家长签名：可数名词和不可数名词英语中的名词指的是一种抽象的或者具体的事物，它有可数和不可数之分。所谓可数名词指的就是在数量上可以计数，可以数出数量的事物；所谓不可数名词是指不能以数目来计算，不可以分成个体的概念、状态、品质、感情或表示物质材料的东西。可数名词在他之前可以加上冠词a/an。而不可数名词前面是不可以直接家冠词的。可数名词变为复数形式有如下变化规律：a．一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books,bag-bags,cat-cats,bed-beds；读音：清辅音后读[s]，浊辅音和元音后读[z]。b．以s.x.sh.ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses,box-boxes,brush-brushes,watch-watches；读音：[iz]。c．以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i,再加-es，如：family-families,strawberry-strawberries；读音：[z]。d．以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v,再加-es，如：knife-knives，thief-thieves；读音：[z]。e．以“o”结尾的词，分两种情况1）有生命的+es读音：[z]如：mango-mangoestomato-tomatoeshero-heroes2)无生命的+s读音：[z]如：photo-photosradio-radiosf.不规则名词复数：man-men,woman-women,policeman-policemen,policewoman-policewomen,snowman-snowmen,mouse-mice,child-children,foot-feet,tooth-teeth,fish-fish,people-people。除此之外，还有一部分名词单复数同形，如：fish鱼，deer鹿，sheep绵羊，works（工厂），means手段，Swiss瑞士人，Chinese中国人，news新闻，goods商品有一些名词则只有复数形式：trousers裤子，pants裤子，shorts短裤glasses眼镜，compasses圆规，scales天平，pliers钳子，clips剪子“某国人”的复数有三种类型：（1）Chinese,Japanese,Swiss三国人单数复数同形，不需加s；（2）Englishman,Frenchman,Dutchman复数要把man变为men；（3）其他各国人以–an,-ian收尾的均直接加s。如：Americans,Australians,Indians等。可依照这个口诀记忆：中日不变，英法变，其他”s”加后面。不可数名词一般没有复数形式，只有单数形式，它的前面不能用不定冠词a/an，若要表示它的个体意义时，一般需要将其量化。不可数名词如何量化：就是在不可数名词前面加上“数词+量词+of”，比如：apieceofbread（paper(纸),cloth(布),coal(煤),news(新闻),advice(意见),information(信息),,meat(肉)）anitemofinformation一则情报aslipofpaper一张纸条alengthofcloth一段布料acakeofsoap一块肥皂atubeoftooth-paste一条牙膏abottleofink一瓶墨水等。当量词可数，且前面的数词大于一时，量词需要用复数形式，如twobottlesofwater两瓶水twopiecesofpaper两张纸等；同时，可数名词也有相应用法，如：aboxofapples一箱苹果sixboxesofapples六箱苹果等。最常见的不可数名词有：advice,baggage,change(零钱),furniture（家具）,hair,homework,information,knowledge,luggage（行李）,money,news,progress,traffic其它不可数名词还有：absence,age,anger,courage,energy,equipment,experience,failure,fear,food,fun,health,ice,industry,kindness,labour,luck,marriage,music,nature,paper,peace,pleasure,power,pride,rain,research,respect,safety,salt,sand,silence,sleep,strength,snow,technology,time,trade,transport,travel,trust,truth,waste,water,wealth,weather,wind,world等。上面提到的可数名词和不可数名词并不是一成不变的。英文中的很多词都是一词多义，名词也不例外，同是一个词在一种情况下是可数名词，而在另一种场合却是不可数名词，如：可数名词:atin一只罐头arelation亲属aniron一把熨斗ademocracy民主国家aglass一只玻璃杯abeauty美人，美的东西Awood一片树林apower不可数名词:tin锡relation关系Iron铁democracy民主glass玻璃beauty美Wood木头power威力，电力。我们讨论名词的落脚点在,当名词充当主语时,谓语动词在人称、数等方面必须与其保持一致--即主谓一致性的问题。可数名词不可数名词练习题一、写出下列名词的复数形式1、orange2、class3、text4、monkey5、piano6、child7、shelf8、bed9、country10、family11、toy12、foot13、Japanese14、radio15、photo16、army17、tomato18、fox19、woman20、knife22、sheep二、选择填空1.Therearefourandtwointhegroup.A.Japanese,GermenBJapaneses,GermenC.Japanese,GermanC.Japanese,Germans2.Theboyshavegotalready.A.twobreadB.twobreadsC.twopiecesofbreadD.twopieceofbread3.Theoldmanwants.A.sixboxesofapplesB.sixboxesofappleC.sixboxofapplesD.sixboxsofapples4.Theresomeintheriver.A.is,fishB.are,fishsC.is,fishsD.are,fish5.The_____meetingroomisnearthereadingroom.A.teacherB.teacher’sC.teachers’D.teachers6.InBritain_____areallpaintedred.A.letterboxesB.lettersboxesC.letterboxD.lettersbox7.Thereare_____birdsinthatbigtree.A.hundredsofB.fivehundredsofC.fivehundredofD.hundredof8.Iwanttobuy________.A.twobottlesofinkB.twobottleofinkC.twobottleofinksD.twobottlesofinks9.Theydon’thavetodo_______today.A.muchhomeworkB.manyhomeworksC.manyhomeworkD.muchhomeworks10.Therearethree______andseven______inthepicture.A.cows,sheepsB.cows,sheepC.cow,sheepD.cow,sheeps11.Sheep_______whiteandmilk_______alsowhite.A.is,areB.are,isC.is,isD.are,are12.I’dliketohaveaglassofmilkand_______.A.twobreadsB.twopiecesofbreadsC.twopiecesofbreadD.twopieceofbread13.Hebought_______.A.twopairsofshoesB.twopairofshoesC.twopairsofshoeD.twopairofshoeFew,afew,little,alittle专项练习()1.Thisisaveryoldsong,so_________youngpeopleknowit.a.fewb.littlec.afewd.alittle()2.Therearen’tmanyorangeshere,butyoucantake_________ifyouwantto.a.fewb.afewc.alittled.little()3.ShanghaiWaihuanTunnelisalreadyopentotraffic,soitwilltakeus___________timetogotoPudongInternationalAirport.a.afewb.fewerc.alittled.less()4.Thereis_____inkinmypen.Wouldyougiveme______?a.little/alittleb.alittle/littlec.few/afewd.afew/few()5.MrSmithisquitebusytoday.Hehas_________meetingstoattend.a.littleb.alittlec.fewd.afew()6.I’msorry.Theroomis____smalltoholdsomanypeople.Wouldyoupleasewaitoutside?a.sob.suchc.veryd.too()7.Dannyis____thathewantstogotothefitnesscampthissummerholiday.a.suchfatb.soafatboyc.suchafatboyd.sofatboy()8.Howcanyoumakeatripwithso_____money?a.fewb.afewc.little.alittle()9.Thereis_____milkinthefridge,sowe‘llgotothesupermarketandbuysome.a.littleb.alittlec.fewd.afew()10.Thehousehas____manyroomsthatitwashardtofindawayout.a.suchb.soc.veryd.too()11.Ifyoudon’twork_____,you’llfailintheexam.a.enoughhardb.hardlyenoughc.hardenoughd.enoughhardly()12.I’m_____makeaphonecalltomyfriends.Ihavealotofworktodo.a.toobusytob.sobusythatc,sobusytod.toobusythat()13.Thereareonly_____studentsintheclassroom.Wherearetheothers.a.afewb.fewc.alittled.little()14.Thesedays___youngpeoplelikelisteningtothemusicwiththeirmp4A,afewbalittlec.quiteafewd.quitealittle()15.Nowpeoplecanlearn_____informati