直接引语和间接引语

DirectspeechandIndirectspeechHesays,“Ileavemybookinyourroom”Hesaidthathelefthisbookinyourroom.直接引语：直接引述别人的原话间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话直接引语一般前面要加引号，间接引语不用加引号在学习直接引语和间接引语过程中，应注意三个问题1）选用正确引导词2）语序（陈述句语序）3）人称、时态、指示词等的变化间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句直接引语和间接引语可分为四大类：1）陈述句2）祈使句3)一般疑问句变成say/answerthat引导的从句变成ask/tellsbtodosth4)特殊疑问句变成if/whether+称述句变成由疑问词+称述句直接引语(变化前)间接引语(变化后)陈述句Janesaid,“I’mveryfondoftraveling.”that引导的宾语从句Janesaidthatshewasveryfondoftraveling.直接引语(变化前)间接引语(变化后)一般疑问句Johnasked,“Isthisyourumbrella,Mary?”.whether/if引导的宾语从句JohnaskedMaryifthatwasherumbrella.直接引语(变化前)间接引语(变化后)特殊疑问句Johnasked,“Mary,whenwillyoureturnmethebook?”.wh-词引导的宾语从句JohnaskedMarywhenshewouldreturnhimthebook.一：陈述句陈述句的直接引语变间接引语时，用连词that引导（that在口语中常可省略）。从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要做相应的变化。Hesaid,“Ileftmybookinyourroom”Hesaidthathehadlefthisbookinyourroom.变成say/answerthat引导的从句１）人称的变化口诀说明直接引语间接引语一随主二随宾第三人称不用变引号内的第一人称变间引后与主句主语的人称保持一致引号内的第二人称变间引后与主句宾语的人称保持一致引号内的第三人称在变间引后去人称不变Shesaid,“IlikeTennis.”ShesaidthatshelikedtennisHesaidtoLily,“youmustgetupearly”HetoldLilythatshemustgetupearlyShesaidtome,“Theywanttohelphim”Shetoldmethattheywantedhelphim一随主，二随宾，第三人称不用变1.“Ilikereadingadventurestories,”saidJohn.Johnsaidthathelikedreadingadventurestories.2.“Idon’tlikecomputers,”Sarahsaidtoherfriend.Sarahtoldherfriendsthatshedidn’tlikecomputers.ExerciseI2)时态的变化Hesays,‘‘Iwilldoittomorrow”Hesaysthathewilldoittomorrow.如果主句的谓语动词是现在时，直接引语变成间接引语时，从句的时态无需变化如果主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，直接引语变成间接引语时，从句的时态要做出相应的改变，变成相应的过去时态．MichaelPhelps“Ihavealongbodyandlongarms,agiftandloveforswimming.”Phelpssaidthathehadalongbodyandlongarms,andagiftandloveforswimming.直接引语时态间接引语时态一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时不变一般将来时过去将来时“IstartedswimmingatanyoungageinordertotreatmyADHDdisease.”PhelpssaidthathehadstartedswimmingatanyoungageinordertotreathisADHDdisease.“Ireceivea5-hourtrainingeveryday.”Phelpssaidthathereceiveda5-hourtrainingeveryday.“Ialwaysdesiretobethewinner,towingoldmedalsandtobreakworldrecords.”Phelpssaidthathealwaysdesiredtobethewinner,towingoldmedalsandtobreakworldrecords.“Oneofmyfavoritethingsistocompetewiththebestswimmersintheworld.”Phelpssaidthatoneofhisfavoritethingswastocompetewiththebestswimmersintheworld.“Ihavemanygoals,andallofthemarehigh.”Phelpssaidthathehadmanygoals,andallofthemwerehigh.直接引语变间接引语时，句中的情态动词也应做相应的改变直接引语间接引语canmayshall/willneedn’tmustoughttocouldmightshould/woulddidn’thavetomustoughtto“IwillalwaystrymybesttobePhelpsNo.1.”PhelpssaidthathewouldalwaystryhisbesttobePhelpsNo.1.3)指示代词、时间状语、地点状语及方向性动词的变化.指示代词thisthesethatthose地点状语herethere方向性动词comebringgotakenowthenTodayThatdayTonightThatnightAgoBefore/earlierYesterdayThedaybeforeLastnightThenightbeforeTomorrowThenext/followingdayNextweekThenext/followingweekThedayaftertomorrowIntwodays’timeThedaybeforeyesterdayTwodaysbefore/earlier时间状语:•Shesaidtome,”Ilivedtherefiveyearsago.”•Shetoldmeshehadlivedtherefiveyearsbefore.Shesaidtome,”Iwillseehernextweek.”Shetoldmeshewouldseeherthenextweek.由直接引语转变为间接引语,下列情况时态不变:1.不变的真理Theteachersaidtothestudents,“Theearthgoesaroundthesun.”→Theteachertoldthestudentsthattheearthgoesaroundthesun.2.经常的习惯：Hesaidtothedoctor,“Ismoketwopackseveryday.”→Hetoldthedoctorthathesmokestwopackseveryday.3.历史事件：Theteachersaid,“WorldWarⅡendedin1945.”→TheteachersaidthatWorldWarⅡendedin1945.Bye-bye完成下列句子，将直接引语转换为间接引语(每空一词)。1.“Itisreallycold,butitissonicetobeoutonthelake,”shesaidtome.She____methatit___reallycold,butit___sonicetobeoutonthelake.toldwaswas2.“Didyouaskyourbossforapayincrease?”sheaskedtheman.Sheaskedtheman__he____________bossforapayincrease.ifhadaskedhis3.Theteacheraskedthegirl,“Whyareyoucryinghere?”Theteacheraskedthegirl___________crying____.4.“Whenwilltheplanetakeoff?”Iwondered.Iwondered_________________________.whyshewastherewhentheplanewouldtakeoff5.“Haveyouseenourplaneyourself?”heaskedtheboy.Heaskedtheboy____________________plane______.whetherhehadseentheirhimself把下列句子变为直接引语或间接引语。1.“Idon’twanttogotherewithAlice,”saidTom.2.“Isyourfatherkindtoyou?”sheoftenasksme.Sheoftenasksmewhether/ifmyfatheriskindtome.Tomsaidthathedidn’twanttogotherewithAlice.3.MotheraskedmewhatIwasgoingtobewhenIgrewup.4.“Ihavetostudyhardtomakeprogress,”thegirlsaidtoherfriend.“Whatareyougoingtobewhenyougrowup?”Motheraskedme.Thegirltoldherfriendthatshehadtostudyhardtomakeprogress.Hesaid,“Theearthgoesaroundthesun.”Hesaidthattheearthgoesaroundthesun．Mr.Wangsaid,“IwasborninChinainSeptember,1972.”Mr.WangsaidhewasborninChinainSeptember,1972.5.“Whenwillyougobacktowork?”Mr.Smithasked.Mr.SmithaskedmewhenIwouldgobacktowork.“WillyougoabroadorstayinBeijing?”heaskedme.Heaskedmewhether/ifIwouldgoabroadorstayinBeijing.Heaskedher,“Youhavepassedtheeaxm,haven’tyou?”Heaskedherwhether/ifshehadpassedtheexam.Heasked,“CanIborrowyourbike?”•Heaskedwhether/ifhecouldborrowmybike.Tomsaidtome,“Doyoulikefootball?”•Tomaskedmewhether/ifIlikedfootball.•Mothersaidtome,“Whatareyoudoingintheroom?”•MotheraskedmewhatIwasdoingintheroom.1.Jacksaidtome,“Youlookworriedtoday.”Jacktoldmethat___worried___.A.helooks…todayB.youlook…todayC.welooked…thatdayD.Ilooked…thatdayExerciseII2.Wesaidtoh