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SectionⅣGrammar_&_Writing一、虚拟语气的概念虚拟语气是谓语动词的一种形式，表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望、建议或与事实相反的假设。IfIwereabird,Icouldflyintheair.如果我是一只鸟，我就能在空中飞行。虚拟语气(Ⅰ)二、虚拟语气的运用1．虚拟条件句中的虚拟语气在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气，现将其形式列表如下。假设情况条件从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式与现在事实相反一般过去时(be的过去式常用were)would/should/might/could＋动词原形与将来事实相反①一般过去时(be的过去式常用were)②should＋动词原形③wereto＋动词原形would/should/might/could＋动词原形与过去事实相反过去完成时(had＋过去分词)would/should/might/could＋have＋过去分词备注：与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，将在第二单元中细讲，此处只列出(1)与现在事实相反IfIwereyou,Iwouldtellhimthegoodnews.要是我是你，我就会告诉他这个好消息。Ifwehadtimenow,weshouldreaditagain.要是现在有空，我们就把它再看一遍。(2)与将来事实相反Ifitshouldrain,thecropswouldbesaved.如果下雨的话，庄稼就有救了。IfIshouldn’ttaketheexamtomorrow,Iwouldgotothepicnicwithyou.要是明天不参加考试的话，我就会和你一起去野餐。[点津]虚拟条件句中有were,had,should时，可把if省略，把were,had,should放在主语前，用倒装结构，这种结构主要用于书面语中。Shouldithappen(＝Ifitshouldhappen),whatwouldyoudo?如果真发生这样的事，你怎么办呢？[考题印证1]①(福建高考改编)(be)therenomoderntelecommunications,wewouldhavetowaitforweekstogetnewsfromaroundtheworld.②(湖南高考改编)Sorry,Iamtoobusynow.IfI(have)time,Iwouldcertainlygoforanoutingwithyou.Werehad主句用法从句谓语动词的形式主语＋wish表示现在不能实现的愿望用一般过去时(be通常用were)表示过去不能实现的愿望had＋过去分词表示将来不能实现的愿望would(could)＋动词原形2．宾语从句中的虚拟语气(1)wish后的宾语从句使用虚拟语气，表示不能实现的愿望。IwishIknewwhatwasgoingtohappen.但愿我能知道发生什么事。Hewisheshecouldbecomeascientistsomeday.他希望将来某一天能成为科学家。[考题印证2](北京高考改编)—Wherearethechildren?Thedinner’sgoingtobecompletelyruined.—Iwishthey(notbe)alwayslate.(2)在表示命令、建议、要求等动词后面的从句中，谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”表示虚拟，should可以省略。这类动词可以使用下面的口诀记忆。一坚持(insist)二命令(order,command)三建议(suggest,propose,advise)四要求(require,request,desire,demand)Isuggestthatwe(should)practisespeakingEnglisheveryday.我建议我们应该每天练习讲英语。Heinsistedthathe(should)besentthere.他坚持应该被派去那里。weren’t[点津]当insist表示“坚持认为；坚持说”，suggest表示“表明；暗示”时，后面的宾语从句不用虚拟语气。Heinsistedthathehaddonenothingwrong.他坚持说他没有做错。Thesmileonhisfacesuggestedthathewassatisfiedwithourwork.他脸上的笑容表明他对我们的工作很满意。[考题印证3]①(陕西高考改编)Mymomsuggeststhatwe(eat)outforachangethisweekend.②(浙江高考改编)Eyedoctorsrecommendthatachild’sfirsteyeexam(be)attheageofsixmonthsold.(should)eat(should)be(3)在wouldrather句型中的虚拟语气。在wouldrather后面所跟的从句中，也可用虚拟语气，表示愿望，意为“宁愿；但愿”。其形式为：wouldrather＋主语＋动词过去式表示现在或将来的情况wouldrather＋主语＋had＋动词过去分词表示过去的情况Iwouldratheryoudidnotgotomorrow.我宁愿你明天不去。Iwouldrathershehadn’tdonethat.我宁愿她没那样做。[考题印证4]①(江苏高考改编)Georgeisgoingtotalkaboutthegeographyofhiscountry,butI’dratherhe(focus)moreonitsculture.②(陕西高考改编)Wewouldratherourdaughter(stay)athomewithus,butitisherchoice,andsheisnotachildanylonger.focusedstayedⅠ.用虚拟语气完成句子1．Afterclass,Ilearnedfromtheteacherthatmydeskmatewouldhavedroppedoutofschoolifhe(没有被帮助)byothers.2．Ibelievethatifyou(是我),youwouldmakethesamechoice.3．HowIwishI(读)andrepliedtoyouremailassoonasIreceivedit!4．He(伤心)ifheknewit.5．Thebossinsistedthattheman(偷)themoneyandinsistedthathe(离开)thecompanyatonce.hadn’tbeenhelpedweremehadreadwouldbesadhadstolenshouldleaveⅡ.用所给动词的正确形式完成短文Iwasaguiltyman.IfmymasterPriestTang1.__(notsave)mylifeattheriskofhisownlife，I2._(notmeet)withBaiJingjing.IfI3.(notmeet)withBaiJingjing,I4.(notfall)inlovewithheratfirstsight.IfI5.(notfall)inlovewithheratfirstsight,Puti6.(nottell)methebirthofthedevil.IfPuti7.(nottell)methebirthofthedevil,thedevil8.(notjump)downtothecliff.Ifthedevil9.(notjump)downtothecliff,I10._______________________(notrealize)howdeeplyshehadbeenlovingmeandwhattrueloveis!hadn’tsavedwouldn’thavemethadn’tmetwouldn’thavefallenhadn’tfallenwouldn’thavetoldhadn’ttoldwouldn’thavejumpedhadn’tjumpedwouldn’thaverealizedNowIoftenwonderwhattheworld11.(be)ifthere12.(be)nolove？Howaperson13.(feel)ifhe14.(live)inaworldwithoutpeople,especiallywithoutapersonwholoveshimandheloves！IfI15.(have)onemorechancesomeday,Iwouldsaytothegirl“Iloveyou”！wouldbewerelivedhadwouldfeel为了迎接即将到来的期末考试，你们学校要取消所有的体育课。请你以学生王丽的身份给校长写一封信，建议不要取消体育课。建议信DearHeadmaster，①I’mwritingtoexpressmyviewsconcerningourschool’sdecisionthatallphysicaleducationshouldbecancelled.②Iknowthefinalexamsarecomingandweshoulddoallwecantoprepareforthem.③Ourschool,inordertomakestudentsdowellintheexams,hasdecidedtocancelallphysicaleducation.④Maybeit’sagoodidea,butIthinkitwouldbebettertohavePEclasses.⑤Therearemanyreasonsforthis.⑥Firstly,physicaleducationisanecessarypartofeducation.⑦Secondly,PEcanmakestudentshealthyandgivethemmoreenergytoreviewlessons.⑧Thirdly,PEcanenrichschoollifeandincreasestudents’interestinstudy.⑨Lastly,studentsneedawaytorelaxthemselvesinordertoincreasetheirefficiencyofstudy.⑩Inaword,PEgreatlybenefitsstudentsinmanyways.⑪SoIwouldappreciateitifyouwouldconsidermysuggestionandthinkaboutlettingushavePEclasses.⑫Lookingforwardtoyourreply.Yourssincerely，WangLi第一段：表明写信意图。第二段：阐明自己的观点，提出建议，并说明理由。第三段：再次重申自己的建议，并诚恳地希望对方接受。第四段：希望尽快给予答复。亮点一：文章观点鲜明，语气柔和，逻辑清晰，论证合理。亮点二：firstly,secondly,thirdly,lastly,inaword,so等连接词的使用，使文章过渡自然，行文流畅。亮点三：语法结构和词语恰当、丰富，如①句中that引导同位语从句，②句中wecan是省略关系词的定语从句，⑪句中运用高级句型Iwouldappreciateitifyou...表达作者的诚恳态度。一般而言，建议信属于半开放性作文，大多要求我们根据所给的材料给出有针对性的解决办法或者提出合理建议。写作时要注意：1．建议信的语言(1)建议信就是在信中发表你的建议与看法。建议信除要遵循书信的格式之外，还要求在信中针对别人的问题给出你的观点及解决办法。因此，陈述建议的语言必须中肯，在劝说对方接受自己的建议时应该特别注意措辞。(2)陈述建议必须具有说服力。在向对方表明你的建议时，如果对方觉得你的建议是违背常理的，那么你的建议也就失去了意义。所以，要想提出好建议，必