英语中实义动词

中学学科网学海泛舟系列资料版权所有@中学学科网英语实义动词语法讲义I．主要常用不及物的动词。不及物动词后面不能跟宾语。只能用以：主＋谓结构。agreedisagreequarrelshoutcrylaughobjectsightalkbargainmatterworkstrugglefightgraduatesucceeddielistenlookstareglancehurryachefevercoughappearbelongcaredependlonghappenoccurexplodepauseresultsnowraingocomefallarrivesaildiveflowswimtravelwalkskatejumprisesitstaystepwaitremainsleeprestheadexistlivedanceII.延续动词与瞬间动词表示的动作在瞬间就可以完成,瞬间动词的完成时态不能跟表示一段时间的时间状语连用。1)用于完成时的区别延续动词表示经验、经历；瞬间动词表示行为的结果，不能与表示段的时间状语连用。Hehascompletedthework.他已完成了那项工作。(表结果)I'veknownhimsincethen.我从那时起就认识他了。(表经历)2)用于till/until从句的差异延续动词用于肯定句，表示做……直到…瞬间动词用于否定句，表示到…，才……Hedidn'tcomebackuntilteno'clock.他到10点才回来。Hesleptuntilteno'clock.他一直睡到10点。典型例题1.Youdon'tneedtodescribeher.I___herseveraltimes.A.hadmetB.havemetC.metD.meet答案B.首先本题后句强调对现在的影响，我知道她的模样，你不用描述。再次，severaltimes告知为反复发生的动作，因此用现在完成时。2.---I'msorrytokeepyouwaiting.---Oh,notatall.I___hereonlyafewminutes.A.havebeenB.hadbeenC.wasD.willbe答案A.等待的动作由过去开始，持续到现在，应用现在完成时。主要常用瞬间动词arrive,borrow,buy,close,fall,finish,go,join,kill,hit,leave,lend,die,marry,open,reach,return,start,stop,recognizeseethrowIII.主要及物动词。及物动词后面必须跟宾语,可以用于：主＋谓＋宾；主＋谓＋双宾主＋谓＋宾＋宾补结构.acceptreceiveearngainlosemisspackfoldloadachieveadmitafforddeclareannouncereviewbroadcastdescribediscussdoubtsupposecorrectmastermentioninferrepeatspellpractiseremindattemptattractinvitebookbitebakefrymilkwaterpourfilllockfastenbrushcombtidymineburydigremoveploughplantgrowcovercutcelebrateliberatebasechangebuildpumpdustcleansweepclosetearcompletefinishcontainincludedamagedestroyruinwiperepairmendfixdelivercarryshipcrossblocktieparkpulllinelistfightstruggledefeatdefendprotecteducatetraintestdecideplandesigninventexaminetestexperiencetrainintroducefollowformperformfoundhitholdincreasereducediscoverstealattackwoundkillmurderstarvekisstreatcuredesertthrowkickdevotetrustloveadmirehonourrespectvaluedesireenjoycomfortcalmpitytrustsupporthatedislikegreetwelcomethankdisturbfoolservesentencepunishmonitorownplateprice中学学科网学海泛舟系列资料版权所有@中学学科网publishprinttypeprepareputplacelayraiseliftreachheatwarmruleobeypraisescoldblamesavewastescoremarksortstorespenduniteconnectlimitwatchtouchpressvisitwaveweartimeusetotalanswerborrowbringbuychargecosthandenvyfetchnamepresentpostofferowequestionshowsupplyprovideastonishdisappointfrighteninterestsatisfyseatshocksurprisetirebearcatchhavekeepmakemeangivepicktakesendconsiderknowhopeimaginefindproverealizerecognizerequestrequiresaytellsensesuggestunderstandwarnstatethinkadviceallowaskcheckdirectemployexpectforbidforceforgiveguidehireexcuseneednoticeletlikepersuadepermitpromisewantwishIV.．既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动词，其意义不变continuebeginstartadvanceattendaimawakeblowbatheinsistinterruptreadwriterollpaintridereportseekrootshopfacefeedhurtgatherendclaptradestudyturnwinsmokewashstoptrysuffersellshinesetsewpaymindjoinfitfloatdropdelightdevelopbelievedivideforgetspeakeatdrownboilbendbreatheburnburstclimbcollectdelaydoubledressflyhideleadlandlearninchlackmeetmeasuresingmixopenorganizemarryracerecorddrinkspreadsmoothslowrecoverriderowimprovecallclearshutsinkfearteachsharehelpcookbreakcomparecrowdrememberV.既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动词，其意义完全不同。escapepartoperatereachrunrushreturnsearchsettleshootstrikespeedstampplayringhangsmellgetmanageregretdrawbeatlightdrivematchleavemovelaststandfailsucceedshakeknockweighstickV.主动形式表被动意义的常见动词。基本结构subj+V+adv。如，Booksofthiskindsellswell。Yourpenwritessmoothly。Yourcompositionreadswell。sellreadwritewearkeepdrawcuttearactlockrentwashbreakcookcleanopenworkoutVI．常没有被动语态而容易误用被动式的动词。如，Heavylossesweresufferedbythem。（错）。Theysufferedheavylosses。（对）havefitlacksuitholdcostsufferlastbecomestandbelongtodependonhappentakeplacebreakoutturnoutVII．英语中一些常用进行时或现在时表将来的动词。如，Themeetingbeginsat1：30intheafternoon。I’vewonaholidayfortwotoFlorida。Iamtakingmymum。comegoleavestartdrivemovebegintakefallarrivereturnsetofflandflyVIII．英语中一些常用过去完成时或过去时表示未曾实现的愿望，打算或意图。如，Theyhadwantedtohelpbutcouldn’taffordanytime。---Whyhaven’tyouboughtanybutter?----ImeanttobutIforgotaboutit.hopeexpectmeanintendsupposewantthinkIX.形式上主句否定饿而实际上否定转移的动词，这类动词之后可接so或not代替从句。如，Idon’tthinktheyhavemadetheirminds，have’ntthey？Isyourbrothergoingwithyou?Ithinknot.或Idon’tthinkso.thinkbelieveexpectimaginesupposefancy注意：hopeguessfearfancy不能否定转移，只能说Iguessnot而不能说Idon’tguessso。中学学科网学海泛舟系列资料版权所有@中学学科网X.常见的只跟带to的动词不定式作宾语的及物动词或短语。wantwishhopeexpectwouldlike/lovecarechooselearndesirelongplanpreparemeandesignagreepromiseofferrefuseaskbegdemandintenddecidedeterminemakeupone‘smindtendbothertroublemanagetryattemptaffordpretendaimtryone’sbesthavenochoicebut注意：动词+疑问词+todecide,know,considerforget,learn,remember,show,understand,see,wonder,hear,findout,explain,telldiscoverdiscussaskPleaseshowushowtodothat.Therearesomanykindsoftape-recordersonsalethatIcan'tmakeupmymindwhichtobuy.XI.常见的跟带to的动词不定式作宾补的及物动词或短语。即，动词+宾语+(todo)commandcompelconsiderdeclaredriveenableencouragefindforbidforceguesshireimagineinduceinforminstructinvitejudgeknowlikeorderpermitpersuaderemindreportrequestrequireselectsendstatesupposetellthinktraintrustunderstand