高中定语从句知识点汇总

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定语从句知识点汇总1定语从句知识点汇总一、先行词二、关系词1.关系代词:2.关系副词:三、分类1.限制性定语从句:对先行词有限制,区分的作用,并与先行词有着不可分割的关系,不能省略2.非限制性定语从句:对先行词起补充说明的作用,可省略不会影响主句的意思,与主句用逗号隔开3.区别:限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句与先行词关系密切,删除后会影响整个句子意思的表达不用逗号分开可用关系代词that关系代词可省略(that,which,who在从句中作宾语可以省略)关系代词可以替代,whom作宾语时可用who或that替代读时不停顿只可以修饰名词或代词,不可修饰句子4.非限制性定语从句的特殊情况4.1有些既可以做限制性,又可以做非限制性的定语从句,其含义不同Thereare20studentsinthisclasswhoarefromthenorthofChina.Thereare20studentsinthisclass,whoarefromthenorthofChina.5.关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句四、关系词的用法1.which,thatwhich指物,在从句中作主语,宾语that指人或物,指人可与who,whom互换;指物可与which互换2.who,whom从句中的介词提到关系代词词前,whom作宾语,不能用who代替Inourclassthereare46students,ofwhomhalfwearglasses.先行词为指人的one,ones,anyone或those时,关系代词用who;双重定语从句中一个定语从句的关系代词是that,另一个指人的关系代词用who。3.whose表示“……的”。可指人或物。用来指物时,whose+名词=限定词+名词+ofwhich=ofwhich+限定词+名词Thehousewhosewindowsfacesouthisours.Thehousethewindowofwhichfacesouthisours.=Thehouseofwhichthewindowfacesouthisours.4.as作为关系代词可指人或物,在从句中作主语,宾语或表语。定语从句知识点汇总2一般用于such...as、thesame...as、as...as结构中,表示“像”的意思Wehavefoundsuchmaterialsasareusedintheirfactory.Theyfeltsuchheatinthejungleastheyhadneverfeltbefore.Heisnotthesamemanashewas.4.1thesame...as/that...和such...as/that①thesame...as/that...as引导的定语从句往往侧重方式:Iboughtthesamephoneasyoubought.that引导的定语从句侧重指同一个对象:ImetthesamepersonthatIsawthatday.②such...as/thatas引导定语从句,在从句中作主语,宾语等:Peterisnotsuchanintelligentpersonasyouthink.that引导结果状语从句,在句子中不作成分:Hecametosuchasuddenstopthatwealmosthithim.4.2as和which的区别①④⑤⑥⑦⑧都可以用来引导非限制性定语从句,有时可以互换②as引导的从句可以位于主句之前,之中和之后;而which只能位于主句之后③当非限制性定语从句为否定句或谓语带的是复合宾语结构时,用which来引导HecriticizedMaryinpublic,whichshedoesn’tlikeatall.Hewasalwayslateforschool,whichmadehisteacherunhappy.④先行词作主语且定语从句为被动语态时,通常用as不用which;如果从句中行为动词是主动语态,一般用which作主语Shepassedtheexam,aswasexpected.Tomhasmaderapidprogress,whichmakesmehappy.⑤当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时,通常用which不用asTomwaslateforworkagainandagain,whichmadehisbossveryangry.⑥固定搭配:asweknow/asisknowntoallasweallcanseeashasbeensaidbefore/aboveasmightbeexpectedasisoftenthecase⑦在从句中作介词宾语时,只能用whichShemightpossiblycome,inwhichcaseI’lltellyou.5.只用that不用which5.1当先行词是all,much,little,few,everything等不定代词或被不定代词修饰时。5.2当先行词被theonly,thelast,thevery等修饰时。5.3当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。5.4当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。5.5当先行词既有表示人又有表示物的名词时。5.6当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。5.7当先行词是主句的表语,或关系代词在从句中作表语时:Jackisnotthemanthathewas.5.8当主句以here,there开头且先行词是指物的名词时。6.只用which不用that6.1关系代词前有介词。6.2在非限制性定语从句中。6.3先行词本身是that,those(指物)或双重定语从句中其中一个已用关系代词that时。定语从句知识点汇总36.4先行词后有插入语时。HereistheCDwhich,asIhavetoldyou,isagreathelptoyou.7.只用who不用that7.1先行词为表示人的不定代词anyone,anybody,everyone,everybody,someone,somebody,one,noone时。7.2先行词为those且指人时。7.3在指人的非限制性定语从句中。8.which/that/what连接词what可以看作关系代词和先行词的结合,即what=theperson/place/thingwhich/that。表示“所....的。”what不引导定语从句,而是引导名词性从句。what引导句子,没有先行词,起名词作用。What引导宾语从句可以和that引导的定语从句互换。Tellmeanything(that)youknow.=Tellmewhatyouknow.9.介词+关系代词既能够引导限制性,也可以引导非限制性定语从句。指物用which,指人用whom。介词不可省略,如果要省略,必须将介词放在从句句末。9.1介词的确定①根据定语从句中动词,形容词所需要的习惯搭配来确定。②根据先行词搭配的具体含义来确定。③根据所表达的意思来确定。9.2介词+关系代词结构的变式①介词+关系代词+不定式Shemusthavetimeinwhichshecouldgrowcalm.(=inwhichtogrowcalm)Frank’sdreamistohavehisowngardeninwhichhecanproducemanybeautifulflowers.(=inwhichtoproducemanybeautifulflowers)②名词/代词/数词+介词+关系代词HetoldusastoryinEnglish,themeaningofwhichIcouldn’tunderstandcompletely.Thereareabout400studentsinourgrade,mostofwhomarefromHaidianDistrict.10.关系副词:作时间状语:when=at/in/on/duringwhich作地点状语:where=in/at/to/onwhich作原因状语:why=forwhich10.1辨析Thereasonwhy.../Thereasonthat.../Thereasonisthat...Thereasonwhy...中why引导的是定语从句,why在句子中作原因状语,可以替换成forwhich。Thereasonthat...中that引导的是同位语从句,that不作成分,that后面的内容说明reason的内容。Thereasonisthat...是that引导的表语从句,不能用because,以免重复。五、其他1.主谓一致:从句中的谓语动词要和先行词的单复数保持一致。在“(the)oneof+复数名词”结构中,定语从句中的谓语动词常用复数形式。但是在theoneof+复数形式或theonlyoneof+复数名词结构中,定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。2.关系词的省略与不可省略:定语从句知识点汇总42.1关系代词在定语从句中作动词的宾语,表语时可以省略2.2关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语,且介词在从句句尾时2.3非限制性定从中的关系代词不可省略2.4介词+关系代词中的关系代词不可省略2.5表示时间的名词后关系副词可以省略,如thetime,themoment2.6表示地点名词后关系副词可以省略,如theplace2.7先行词thereason后面的关系副词可以省略2.8先行词为way(方法,手段)时,关系副词可以省略3.如何判断定语从句和同位语从句3.1根据that在从句中是否作成分来判断:that在定语从句中担任成分,在同位语从句中不做成分。Thenews(that)hetoldmeyesterdayisnottrue.Thenewsthathesingerwillcomehereisnottrue.3.2根据意思来判断:在引导词前加is后,如果句子成立就是同位语从句,否则是定语从句。Thenewsis(that)hetoldmeyesterday.句子不成立Thenewsisthatthesingerwillcomehere.句子成立4.定语从句转变为ing和ed形式4.1直接转化为ing或ed形式,,去掉定语从句中who/whichis/was/are/were.Theboy(whois)playingthepianoisfromLondon.Ilikethisfilm,(whichwas)directedbyZhangYimou.4.2将句子中的动词进行ing形式转化①ThenumberofpeoplewholearnChineseriseseachyear.=ThenumberofpeoplelearningChineseriseseachyear.②Mygrandfather,whohasn’tbeenusedtolivinginthecity,hasdecidedtosettleinthecountry.=Mygrandfather,nothavingbeenusedtolivinginthecity,hasdecidedtosettleinthecountry.=Nothavingbeenusedtolivinginthecity,mygrandfatherhasdecidedtosettleinthecountry.定语从句知识点汇总5定语从句知识点汇总6这第一段似乎是着重描摹春的美丽,可起首有“多事的东风”一句,暗示着有人恼春,于是有个人物忽悠地闪了一下,桃红“醉依在封姨的臂弯里”,一下子就不见了。但“多事”里隐蕴着的愠意,因封姨的出现有了着落。春天写足了,那位对春天怀着恨意的人物便在作者的笔下十分不情愿地亮相了。“只有一个孤独的影子,她,倚在栏杆上,”这就是封姨了,她“才从青春之梦醒过来”,茫然不解这眼前发生的一切。作者笔下的她原来是一个芳华已失的女人!眼前的春天只是她过去的影子。

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