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1999年阅读真题精解(2011-05-3010:22:15)转载标签：黄涛考研真题答案教育分类：阅读篇1999Text1It'saroughworldoutthere.Stepoutsideandyoucouldbreakalegslippingonyourdoormat.Lightupthestoveandyoucouldburndownthehouse.Luckily,ifthedoormatorstovefailedtowarnofcomingdisaster,asuccessfullawsuitmightcompensateyouforyourtroubles.Orsothethinkinghasgonesincetheearly1980s,whenjuriesbeganholdingmorecompaniesliablefortheircustomers'misfortunes.Feelingthreatened,companiesrespondedbywritingever-longerwarninglabels,tryingtoanticipateeverypossibleaccident.Today,stepladderscarrylabelsseveralincheslongthatwarn,amongotherthings,thatyoumight—surprise!—falloff.Thelabelonachild'sBatmancapecautionsthatthetoydoesnotenableusertofly.Whilewarningsareoftenappropriateandnecessary—thedangersofdruginteractions,forexample—andmanyarerequiredbystateorfederalregulations,itisn'tclearthattheyactuallyprotectthemanufacturersandsellersfromliabilityifacustomerisinjured.About50percentofthecompanieslosewheninjuredcustomerstakethemtocourt.Nowthetideappearstobeturning.Aspersonalinjuryclaimscontinueasbefore,somecourtsarebeginningtosidewithdefendants,especiallyincaseswhereawarninglabelprobablywouldn'thavechangedanything.InMay,JulieNimmons,presidentofSchuttSportsinIllinois,successfullyfoughtalawsuitinvolvingafootballplayerwhowasparalyzedinagamewhilewearingaSchutthelmet.We'rereallysorryhehasbecomeparalyzed,buthelmetsaren'tdesignedtopreventthosekindsofinjuries,saysNimmons.Thejuryagreedthatthenatureofthegame,notthehelmet,wasthereasonfortheathlete'sinjury.Atthesametime,theAmericanLawInstitute—agroupofjudges,lawyers,andacademicswhoserecommendationscarrysubstantialweight—issuednewguidelinesfortortlawstatingthatcompaniesneednotwarncustomersofobviousdangersorbombardthemwithalengthylistofpossibleones.Importantinformationcangetburiedinaseaoftrivialities,saysalawprofessoratCornellLawSchoolwhohelpeddraftthenewguidelines.Ifthemoderateendofthelegalcommunityhasitsway,theinformationonproductsmightactuallybeprovidedforthebenefitofcustomersandnotasprotectionagainstlegalliability.51.Whatwerethingslikein1980swhenaccidentshappened?[A]Customersmightberelievedoftheirdisastersthroughlawsuits.[B]Injuredcustomerscouldexpectprotectionfromthelegalsystem.[C]Companieswouldavoidbeingsuedbyprovidingnewwarnings.[D]Juriestendedtofindfaultwiththecompensationscompaniespromised.52.Manufacturersasmentionedinthepassagetendto________.[A]satisfycustomersbywritinglongwarningsonproducts[B]becomehonestindescribingtheinadequaciesoftheirproducts[C]makethebestuseoflabelstoavoidlegalliability[D]feelobligedtoviewcustomers'safetyastheirfirstconcern53.ThecaseofSchutthelmetdemonstratedthat________.[A]someinjuryclaimswerenolongersupportedbylaw[B]helmetswerenotdesignedtopreventinjuries[C]productlabelswouldeventuallybediscarded[D]somesportsgamesmightlosepopularitywithathletes54.Theauthor'sattitudetowardstheissueseemstobe________.[A]biased[B]indifferent[C]puzzling[D]objective核心词汇1.rough粗糙的，不平坦的；粗野的；tough艰巨的；艰难的2.step走3.slip滑到4.lightup点燃5.burndown烧毁6.failto没有7.lawsuit=suit起诉；诉讼8.compensatefor为…作出补偿9.jury陪审团10.holdsb.liablefor让…对…负责11.misfortune不幸12.respond做出反应13.warninglabels警告标识14.caution警告15.while尽管，而，当…时候16.appropriate合适的17.interaction相互作用18.regulation规则19.claim索赔20.sidewith支持21.defendant被告；22.involving涉及到23.paralyze瘫痪24.nature本质；bynature天性25.carrysubstantialweight具有相当的分量26.issue发布了；发行了27.bombardwith大量提供28.aseaof大量的29.trivialities琐事30.end目的31.haveone’sway得以实现32.legalliability法律责任33.misfortune难句精解①Whilewarningsareoftenappropriateandnecessary—thedangersofdruginteractions,forexample—andmanyarerequiredbystateorfederalregulations,itisn'tclearthattheyactuallyprotectthemanufacturersandsellersfromliabilityifacustomerisinjured.▲在这个主从复合句中，前一个分句是由while引导的让步从句，这个从句由两个并列句组成，中间用and连接。破折号之间的部分是举例说明warnings的内容，and后面的many省略了warnings，state与federal共用regulations。主句部分本身也是一个主从复合句，主句用了一个形式主语it，真正的主语是that引导的从句，注意这个从句中有个动词短语protect...from...，后面是一个if引导的条件从句。△首先要把握这个句子的主旨，那就是主句中所阐明的warnings对manufacturersandsellers的保护作用还很不明朗。注意破折号之间的部分对warnings的解释作用以及it作为形式主语的替代作用。②Aspersonalinjuryclaimscontinueasbefore,somecourtsarebeginningtosidewithdefendants,especiallyincaseswhereawarninglabelprobablywouldn'thavechangedanything.▲在这个主从复合句中，前一个分句是由as引导的伴随状语从句，注意这里的claims是个名词；主句的时态用的是现在进行时，表示的这种状况正在开始。这个主句有一个较长的状语短语，原因是cases后面跟了一个where引导的定语从句修饰cases，这个定语从句的主干是warninglabelnotchangeanything，解释的是什么样的cases。△主句依然是抓住句子大意的关键，该句所要表达的就是somecourtsbeginningtosidewithdefendants，再者要注意cases后面定语从句指出了哪类cases尤为如此。③InMay,JulieNimmons,presidentofSchuttSportsinIllinois,successfullyfoughtalawsuitinvolvingafootballplayerwhowasparalyzedinagamewhilewearingaSchutthelmet.▲这个句子的主干是...president...successfullyfoughtalawsuit...。句子的主语是JulieNimmons，后面逗号之间的部分是她的职位，宾语部分alawsuit有一个较长的动词现在分词involving所引导的短语，involving的宾语是afootballplayer，后面跟了一个who引导的定语从句，这个定语从句中有一个while引导的时间状语，还原成句子就是whilehewaswearingaSchutthelmet。找出其中的关键部分：...presidentofSchutt...successfullyfoughtalawsuitinvolvingafootballplayer...paralyzed...whilewearingaSchutthelmet。④Atthesametime,theAmericanLawInstitute—agroupofjudges,lawyers,andacademicswhoserecommend