定语从句做题技巧

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定语从句讲解定语在句子中起修饰限定作用。定语的标志是“的”。因此英语中多用形容词作定语。如果一句话作定语就被称作定语从句。从句结构:先行词(多为名词或代词)+关系词+从句(陈述语序)先行词即定语从句所修饰的词,多为名词,也可以是代词。也可以说定语从句是名词或者代词后的从句。关系词分为关系代词和关系副词指人who/that(做主语,宾语,表语)whom(宾语,表语)whose(定语)关系代词指物which/that(主,宾,表),whose(定语)关系词关系副词指时间when指地点where指原因why作状语指物时关系代词which和that的区别一般情况下二者可以互换eg.Ilovethisbookwhich/thatmybrotherboughtforme.定语从句中关系词必须用that的情况:1.被修饰的先行词是不定代词all,much,something,everything,nothing,none,theone等时,(注意:表示人的不定代词即可用that也可用who/whom)。如:Anyonewho/thatdoesn’tlikethisfilmmusttellme.Doyouhavesomethingthatisverydifficulttounderstand?All(that)Icandoistogivehimsomehope.2.被修饰的先行词还有一些特定意义的修饰词,如:theonly,thevery,theright,any,every,no,all,much,many,little,few等,如:Theonlything(that)weknowisthattheuniverseisverybig.AnybusthatcangothereisOK.Thisisjustthe/thevery/therightbookIamlookingfor.Therearefewcarsthataredrivingslowly.Everycarthathasahighpriceisworthwhatitcosts.3.句子中出现过which或who之类的词,为了避免重复,要用that。如:Whoisthemanthatisspeaking?Thefactorywhichproducesshoesthatareverygoodhasgonebankru.4.关系代词在从句中作表语时,多用that。如:Sheisnotthegirlthatshewasthreeyearsago.5.先行词被形容词最高级、序数词等修饰时,应用that。如:TangGuoqianghasbecomeoneofthebestactorsthatappearonChinesescreens.6.先行词既有人又有物或time,如:Canyoutellmethepeopleandevents(that)yousawinBritain?Themanandhisdogthatlookedoddcametomequietly.Eachtimethathecamehere,hewouldliketotalkwithher.7.一个句子中有两个定语从句时,如第一个从句中已用who,第二个从句中宜用that。如:Themanwhoisattableishisbrotherthathasbeenservinginthearmy.8.当先行词是tobe的表语,或关系代词本身是从句的表语时,关系代词应用that。如:1)It'sasongthatisverypopular.2)Myhometownisnolongertheplacethatitusedtobe.9.当主句以Therebe开头时,关系代词应用that。如:Thereisaseatinthecornerthatisstillfree.10.当一个句子中含有两个定语从句时,如前一个已用关系代词which,后一个关系代词宜用that。如:I'llborrowabookwhichtellsabouttheheroicdeedsthatthePLAdidinthebattlesagainsttheinvaders.但两个定语从句的结构如果平行,一个定语从句中用关系代词that,另一个定语从句也应重复that。如:Hetoldmetoreadabookthatisveryshort,andthatisveryinteresting.11.与thesame(指同一物)连用,构成thesame...that...结构时,关系代词只能用that。如:Thisisthesamemuseumthatyouoncevisited.注意:thesame...that...结构中的that不能用as代替,因为thesame...as...与thesame...that...的含义不同。关系代词必须用which的情况:紧跟介词作宾语时,即介词+whichThebuildinginwhichHanMeistudiedwasveryold.此类解题技巧是:记住与which相关的用法即可。其他的均用that。考点:关系词的选择定语从句解题技巧:1.先看从句所缺句子成分。缺主,宾,表,定语,用关系代词。不缺主,宾,表,定(即缺状语)用关系副词。注意:缺宾语时,可以将谓语动词与先行词连读,能搭配的即是缺宾语;反之缺状语。2.再看先行词的指代。缺关系代词时,看先行词指人还是指物。缺关系副词时,看先行词指时间,地点还是原因。注意:why的先行词只有thereason.如:1.Thisisthevillage_____Iwasborn.2.Thisisthevillage_____Ivisitedlastyear.3.Istillrememberthedays_____wespenttogether.4.Istillrememberthedays______wehadagoodtimetogether.A.which/thatB.whenC.whereD.what解析:1.选C先看从句句子成分:从句为主系表结构,即不缺主,表,用关系副词。先行词thevillage指地点,用where。2.选A先看从句句子成分:句子主语为I,visit是及物动词,后必须要有宾语。因此,此句缺宾语,用关系代词。先行词thevillage指物,用which/that3.选A先看从句句子成分:句子主语为we,spent是及物动词,后必须要有宾语。因此,此句缺宾语,用关系代词。先行词thedays指物,用which/that4.选C先看从句句子成分:从句为主谓宾结构,即不缺主,宾,用关系副词。先行词thedays指时间,用when。

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