学习好资料欢迎下载高一专题系列一被动语态●学而时习语态是动词的一种形式,用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态共有两种:主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式,一般说来,只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。●知识点精讲透析●考点一主动语态“变性”被动语态1、主动语态变为被动语态的步骤:(1)将主动句的宾语变为主语,如果主动句的宾语是代词,需变为主格。(2)将动词改为“be+过去分词”,be与新主语的人称和数一致,时态不变。(3)将主动语态的主语前加by放在谓语动词后,如果原主语是代词,要变为宾格。如:Theyheldameetingyesterday.→Ameetingwasheld(bythem)yesterday.他们昨天开会了。昨天举行了一个会议。Theywon’tforgiveme.→Iwon’tbeforgivenbythem.他们不会原谅我的。我不会被他们原谅的。2、主动语态变为被动语态的注意事项:(1)主动句中的主语如果是people,we,you,they,somebody等含糊地表示“人们”、“大家”等,变为被动句时,通常删去“by…”,除非强调原主语。如:Theysetupthishospitalin1975.→Thishospitalwassetupin1975.这所医院建于1975年。Onlyhecanfinishthejob.只有他能完成这项工作。→Thejobcanbefinishedonlybyhim.这项工作只能由他来完成。(2)含有双宾语,即直接宾语和间接宾语的句子,每个宾语都可变为被动语态的主语,即其被动语态有两种形式,但多以间接宾语作主语。Jacktoldusthetruth.杰克告诉了我们真相。WeweretoldthetruthbyJack.Thetruthwastold(to)usbyJack.(3)含有宾语+宾语补足语的句子,变成被动句后原来的宾语补足语就成了主语补足语了;注意:不带to的不定式作宾语补足语时,变成被动时要加上to。IheardEmilysingthesongjustnow.→Emilywasheardtosingthesongjustnow.我刚才听见艾米莉唱这首歌了。(4)含有宾语从句的主动句变为被动句,通常用it作为被动结构的先行主语,把宾语从句后置。Wehavedeterminedthattheplanshouldbecarriedoutsoon.Ithasbeendeterminedthattheplanshouldbecarriedoutsoon.我们决定这项计划必须马上实施。(5)双重被动结构:当某人或物成为两次动作的承受者时,要用双重被动结构。如:Parentsoftenasktheirchildrentodotoomuchhomework.Thechildrenareoftenaskedtodotoomuchhomework.Toomuchhomeworkisoftenaskedtobedonebythechildren.学习好资料欢迎下载●考点二被动语态“基本招式”1.一般现在时的被动语态构成:is/am/are+及物动词的过去分词主:Webelievehim.被:Heisbelievedbyus.2.一般过去时的被动语态构成:was/were+及物动词的过去分词主:Heboughthischildrensomepens.被:Somepenswereboughtforhischildrenbyhim.3.一般将来时的被动语态构成:will+be+及物动词的过去分词主:Everyonewillknowthetruthsoon.被:Thetruthwillbeknownbyeveryone.4.现在进行时的被动语态构成:am/is/are+being+及物动词的过去分词主:Maryismakingadoll.被:AdollisbeingmadebyMary.5.过去进行时的被动语态构成:was/were+being+及物动词的过去分词主:Theywerecarryingthehurtplayer.被:Thehurtplayerwasbeingcarriedbythem.6.现在完成时的被动语态构成:has/have+been+及物动词的过去分词主:Hehasreceivedtheletter.被:Theletterhasbeenreceivedbyhim.7.过去完成时的被动语态构成:had+been+及物动词的过去分词主:Theyhadbuilttenbridges.被:Tenbridgeshadbeenbuiltbythem.8.含有情态动词的被动语态构成:情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词主:Wemustkeepthisinmind.被:Thismustbekeptinmind.我们必须把这个记在心里。9.不定式的被动语态:to+be+及物动词的过去分词主:Youaretoleavethebaghere.被:Thebagistobelefthere.你应把包裹放在这儿。●考点三被动语态“三十六计”1.动词的主动形式表示被动之意1)某些连系动词,如:look,feel,smell,sound,taste,appear,seem,go,prove,turn,stay,become,fall,get,grow,keep+adj./n.构成系表结构。Theflowersmellssweet.这花闻起来很香。Mariaprovesverypatientandwarm-hearted.玛丽亚被证明很耐心、很热心。2)表示主语的某种属性特征的动词,如:lock,shut,close,open,move,read,write,sell,wash,clean,draw,cut,translate,burn,run,ride,begin,end,operate等。Thesentencestranslatehard.这些句子很难译。Thedoorwon’tshut.这个门关不上。3)某些动词用于进行时,其主动形式表被动含义,如:print,cook,fry,hang,build,make等。Thebooksareprinting.这些书正在印刷中。2.不用于被动语态的动词,如happen,cost,take,have(有),own,possess,want(缺乏)。Anaccidenthappenedyesterday.昨天发生了一起事故。学习好资料欢迎下载Oneshouldpossesscourage,determinationandwisdom.人要拥有勇气、决心和智慧。3.“动词+反身代词”结构与“be+过去分词”结构,注意下面短语:devoteoneselfto(献身于),seatoneself(就坐),dressoneself(穿衣),amuseoneself(自娱自乐),loseoneself(迷路),prepareoneselffor(做好准备),concernoneselfabout(担心)这些短语经常用被动结构表示主动意义。如:Theywereseatedinthefrontofthehall.他们在大厅前部就坐。Hewasconcernedabouthiswork.他担心他的工作。Allmystudentsarewellpreparedforthetest.我的学生都为考试做好了准备。Hismotherisdressedinwhiteattheparty.他的妈妈在宴会上穿着白色衣服。4.Itissaidthat…据说Itisreportedthat…据报道Itisbelievedthat…大家相信Itishopedthat…大家希望Itiswellknownthat…众所周知Itisthoughtthat…大家认为Itissuggestedthat…据建议Itistakengrantedthat…被视为当然Ithasbeendecidedthat…大家决定Itmustberememberthat…务必记住的是Itisgenerallyacceptedthat…人们公认的是Itisuniversallyknownthat…全球共知的是ItisreportedthatthegenerationgrowingupwithtelevisioncanbarelywriteacorrectEnglishsentence.据报道,伴随着电视机长大的这代人几乎写不出一个正确的英文句子。5.介词“in,on,under+名词”构成介词短语表被动意义,其意义相当于该名词相应动词的被动形式,名词前一般不用冠词。常见的有:undercontrol(受控制),undertreatment(在治疗中),underrepair(在修理中),underdiscussion(在讨论中),underconstruction(在施工中),beyondbelief(令人难以置信),beyondone’sreach(鞭长莫及),beyondone’scontrol(无法控制),forsale(待售),forrent(出租),onshow(展出),onsale(出售),ontrial(受审),inprint(在印刷中),insight(在视野范围内),outofcontrol(控制不了),outofsight(超出视线之外),outoffashion(不流行),outofone’sreach(够不着),beyondourhope(令我们始料不及)6.betoblame(该受责备,对某件坏事应负责任)与betolet(待出租)两种结构中,不定时的主动形式表示被动含义。Whichdriveristoblamefortheaccident?这次事故是那个司机的责任?Thishouseistorent.这座房子要出租。●巩固练习1.Ourhouse_____,A.isgettingpaintB.isgettingpaintedC.isgotpaintedD.hasgottopaint2.HearrivedinBeijing,wherehe_____hisfriend.A.wasmetbyB.wasmetC.wasmeetingD.metby3.Thewar_____in1937.A.wasbrokenoutB.hadbeenbrokenoutC.hasbrokenoutD.brokeout4.Themistakesintheexerciseswill_____theteacher.学习好资料欢迎下载A.crossB.becrossingC.becrossedbyD.crossby5.MybrotherandIhave__________herbirthdayparty.A.beeninvitedB.beeninvitedforC.invitedtoD.beeninvitedto6.InthespokenEnglishofsomeareasintheUS,the“r”soundsattheendofthewords_________.A.aredroppedB.dropC.arebeingdroppedD.havedropped7.Experimentsofthiskind_______inboththeU.S.andEuropewellbeforetheSecondWorldWar.A.haveconductedB.havebeenconductedC.hadconductedD.hadbeenconducted8.He_______somepiecesofadvice,buthe_______tothem.A.gave,didn’tlistenB.wasgiven,wasn’tlistenedC.give,wasn’tlistenedD.wasgiven,didn’tlisten9.Thisc