第二讲损益表(厦门大学MBA中心郑炜玲)

2019/8/31厦门大学MBA中心郑炜玲1Ch.3TheIncomeStatement主讲：郑炜玲厦门大学MBA中心2187902，[e-mail]2019/8/31厦门大学MBA中心郑炜玲2MainPointsofToday•Compareaccrualbasiswithcashbasisofaccounting•UnderstandRealizationandMatchingPrinciples•Comparethedifferencesamongcost,expenses,expenditure,anddisbursement•Understandthe25categoriesoftransactions2019/8/31厦门大学MBA中心郑炜玲3资产负债表vs.损益表•从历史发展过程看，先有资产负债表，后有损益表•资产负债表期初留存收益+损益表本期净利润-本期现金股利=资产负债表期末留存收益2019/8/31厦门大学MBA中心郑炜玲4历史成本原则收入实现—费用配比（权责发生制）稳健性原则会计收益的确定模式2019/8/31厦门大学MBA中心郑炜玲5会计恒等式•资产负债表与会计恒等式之一：A=L+OE•损益表与会计恒等式之二：Income=Revenue收入–Expense费用收益Income=盈余Earning=利润Profit2019/8/31厦门大学MBA中心郑炜玲6WhatisNetIncome?Netincomeisnotanassetit’sanincreaseinownersequityfromprofitsofthebusiness.A=L+OEIncreaseDecreaseIncreaseEither(orboth)oftheseeffectsoccurasnetincomeisearned......butthisiswhatnetincomereallymeans.2019/8/31厦门大学MBA中心郑炜玲7RevenueandExpensesThepriceforgoodssoldandservicesrenderedduringagivenaccountingperiod.Increasesownersequity.Thecostsofgoodsandservicesusedupintheprocessofearningrevenue.Decreasesownersequity.2019/8/31厦门大学MBA中心郑炜玲8A=L+OEASSETSDebitforIncreaseCreditforDecreaseEQUITIESDebitforDecreaseCreditforIncreaseLIABILITIESDebitforDecreaseCreditforIncrease复式簿记借贷规则DebitandCreditRules借和贷失去了原来的涵义！2019/8/31厦门大学MBA中心郑炜玲9DebitsandCreditsforRevenueandExpenseEQUITIESDebitforDecreaseCreditforIncreaseREVENUESDebitforDecreaseCreditforIncreaseEXPENSESCreditforDecreaseDebitforIncreaseExpensesdecreaseownersequity.Revenuesincreaseownersequity.2019/8/31厦门大学MBA中心郑炜玲10持续经营会计分期在各期分配利润现金收付制收入实现原则费用配比原则权责发生制2019/8/31厦门大学MBA中心郑炜玲11权责发生制与收付实现制•收付实现制CashBasis：也称现金收付制，是以现金的收到或支付作为确认收入和费用的依据。（实收实付）•权责发生制Accrualbasis：也叫应计制会计。凡是当期已经实现的收入和已经发生或应当负担的费用，不论款项是否收付，都应当作为当期的收入和费用；凡是不属于当期的收入和费用，即使款项已在当期收付，也不应当作为当期的收入和费用。（应收应付）2019/8/31厦门大学MBA中心郑炜玲12特点：Accrualbasis计算繁杂、盈亏计算合理准确、但是易操纵利润;Cashbasis核算手续简单，有利于真实揭示企业的现金流动情况，但是不能真实反映经营成果。适用范围：Accrualbasis企业等计算盈亏的单位；Cashbasis政府机关。Accrualbasis&cashbasis2019/8/31厦门大学MBA中心郑炜玲13EntriestoApportionUnrecordedCosts分配未记成本和费用EntriestoRecordUnrecordedExpensesEntriestoApportionUnearnedRevenue分配未记的收入EntriestoRecordUnrecordedRevenueTypesofAdjustingEntries2019/8/31厦门大学MBA中心郑炜玲14EntriestoApportionUnrecordedCostsPriorPeriodsCurrentPeriodFuturePeriodsTransactionPaidfutureexpensesinadvance(createsanasset).EndofCurrentPeriodAdjustingEntryRecognizeportionofassetconsumedasexpense,andReducebalanceofassetaccount.2019/8/31厦门大学MBA中心郑炜玲15EntriestoApportionUnrecordedCostsExamplesInclude:DepreciationSuppliesExpiringInsurancePolicies2019/8/31厦门大学MBA中心郑炜玲16EntriestoApportionUnearnedRevenuePriorPeriodsCurrentPeriodFuturePeriodsTransactionCollectedfromcustomersinadvance(createsaliability).EndofCurrentPeriodAdjustingEntryRecognizeportionearnedasrevenue,andReducebalanceofliabilityaccount.2019/8/31厦门大学MBA中心郑炜玲17EntriestoApportionUnearnedRevenueExamplesInclude:AirlineTicketSalesSportsTeams?SalesofSeasonTickets2019/8/31厦门大学MBA中心郑炜玲18EntriestoRecordUnrecordedExpensesPriorPeriodsCurrentPeriodFuturePeriodsTransactionLiabilitywillbepaid.EndofCurrentPeriodAdjustingEntryRecognizeexpenseincurred,andRecordliabilityforfuturepayment.2019/8/31厦门大学MBA中心郑炜玲19EntriestoRecordUnrecordedExpensesExamplesInclude:InterestWagesandSalariesPropertyTaxesHey,whendowegetpaid?2019/8/31厦门大学MBA中心郑炜玲20EntriestoRecordUnrecordedRevenuePriorPeriodsCurrentPeriodFuturePeriodsTransactionReceivablewillbecollected.EndofCurrentPeriodAdjustingEntryRecognizerevenueearnedbutnotyetrecorded,andRecordreceivable.2019/8/31厦门大学MBA中心郑炜玲21EntriestoRecordUnrecordedRevenueExamplesInclude:InterestEarnedWorkCompletedButNotYetBilledtoCustomer2019/8/31厦门大学MBA中心郑炜玲22ArgentiCo.commencedoperationsonJan.1,year5.Thefirm’scashaccountrevealedthefollowingtransactionsforthemonthofJanuary:CashReceipts:Jan.1InvestmentbyArgentifor100%commonstock$50,000Jan.1LoanfromNo.1Bank,dueJune30,Year6,interestrate6%,20,000Jan.5AdvancepaymentfromacustomerformerchandisescheduledfordeliveryonFeb.800Jan.1-31Salestocustomers40,000CashDisbursementJan.1Rentalofretailspaceatamonthlyrentalof$2,500(5,000)Jan.1Purchaseofdisplayequipment(5yrlife,0salvagevalue)(30,000)Jan.1PremiumonpropertyinsuranceforcoveragefromJan.1toDec.31,Yr6(2,400)Jan.15Paymentofutilitybills(2,250)Jan.16Paymentofsalaries(850)Jan.1-31Purchaseofmerchandise(34,900)Balance,Jan.31,Yr6$35,400EXAMPLE2019/8/31厦门大学MBA中心郑炜玲23EXAMPLEThefollowinginformationrelatestoArgentiCo.asofJan.31,Yr6:.Customersowethefirm$7,500fromsalesmadeduringJanuary..Thefirmowessuppliers$4,400formerchandisepurchasedduringJanuary..Unpaidutilitybillstotal$760andunpaidsalariestotal$2,590..Merchandiseinventoryonhandtotals$7,200.Question:PleasecalculatetheincomeofJanuary,Year5.2019/8/31厦门大学MBA中心郑炜玲24solutionaccrualbasiscashbasisSalesrev.$47500$40800Lessexpenses:costofmerchandisesold$32100paymentsonmerchandisepurchased$34900depreciationexpense500paymentsonequipmentpurchased30000utilitiesexpense1610850salariesexpense48402250Rentexpense25005000insuranceexpense2002400Interestexpense1000Totalexpense$(41850)$(75400)Netincome$5650$(34600)2019/8/31厦门大学MBA中心郑炜玲25TheRe