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主题词表EnglishChinese01.大气atmosphericscience大气科学meteorology气象学atmosphere大气atmosphericimpurity大气杂质atmosphericsuspendedmatter大气悬浮物atmosphericcomposition大气成分atmosphericmass大气质量atmosphericdensity大气密度atmosphericsubdivision大气分层homosphere均质层heterosphere非均质层standard[pressure]level标准层isothermallayer等温层loweratmosphere低层大气middleatmosphere中层大气upperatmosphere高层大气troposphere对流层tropopause对流层顶stratosphere平流层stratopause平流层顶mesosphere中间层mesopause中间层顶thermosphere热层exosphere外[逸]层ionosphere电离层magnetosphere磁层ozonosphere臭氧层freeatmosphere自由大气planetaryatmosphere行星大气standardatmosphere(referenceatmosphere)标准大气（参考大气）homogeneousatmosphere均质大气isothermalatmosphere等温大气polytropicatmosphere多元大气scaleheight大气标高meteorologicalelement气象要素airtemperature气温wet-bulbtemperature湿球温度dry-bulbtemperature干球温度atmosphericpressure气压standardatmospherepressure标准大气压stationpressure本站气压sea-levelpressure海平面气压pressuregradient气压梯度barometricheightformula压高公式pressuregradientforce气压梯度力Coriolisforce科里奥利力watervapor水[蒸]汽watervaporpressure水汽压humidity湿度relativehumidity相对湿度absolutehumidity绝对湿度specifichumidity比湿mixingratio混合比dewpoint[temperature]露点(温度)depressionofthedewpoint（温度）露点差super-saturatedair过饱和空气saturationspecifichumidity饱和比湿saturationvaporpressure饱和水汽压saturationdeficit饱和差cloud云lowcloud低云middlecloud中云highcloud高云cloudamount云量cloudheight云高cloudgenera云属cloudetage云族cloudspecies云种cloudvariety云类cloudform云状cirrus,Ci卷云cirrostratus,Cs卷层云cirrocumulus,Cc卷积云altocumulus,Ac高积云altostratus,As高层云cumulus,Cu积云cumulushumilis,Cuhum淡积云cumuluscongestus,Cucon浓积云cumulonimbus,Cb积雨云cumulusfractus,Cufra碎积云stratocumulus,Sc层积云stratus,St层云nimbostratus,Ns雨层云stratiformcloud层状云cumuliformcloud积状云coldcloud冷云warmcloud暖云icecloud冰云wind风winddirection风向windspeed,windvelocity风速maximumwindspeed最大风速extremewindspeed极大风速windspeedprofile风速廓线windforce风力windforcescale风级Beaufort[wind]scale蒲福风级calm0级风lightair1级风lightbreeze2级风gentlebreeze3级风moderatebreeze4级风freshbreeze5级风strongbreeze6级风neargale7级风gale8级风stronggale9级风storm10级风violentstorm11级风hurricane12级风gust阵风localwind地方性风surfacewind地面风foehn焚风mountain-valleybreeze山谷风sea-landbreeze海陆风on-shorewind向岸风off-shorewind离岸风gorgewind峡谷风predominantwinddirection主导风向prevailingwind盛行风windpressure风压windenergy风能windenergyresources风能资源windenergyrose风能玫瑰[图]visibility能见度clearsky晴天partlycloudy少云cloudy多云overcast阴天blueofthesky天空蓝度skycondition天空状况precipitation降水amountofprecipitation降水量precipitationintensity降水强度showeryprecipitation阵性降水convectiveprecipitation对流性降水orographicprecipitation地形降水rain雨raindrop雨滴rainshadow雨影glaze雨凇rainday雨日rainfall[amount]雨量continuousprecipitation连续性降水intermittentprecipitation间歇性降水showeryrain阵雨freezingrain冻雨drizzle毛毛雨lightrain小雨moderaterain中雨heavyrain大雨torrentialrain暴雨localprecipitation地方性降水orographicrain地形雨storm风暴sandstorm,duststorm沙[尘]暴hailstorm雹暴haze霾dust浮尘dew露frost霜frostpoint霜点firstfrost初霜latestfrost终霜tornado龙卷dustdevil尘卷风snow雪sleet雨夹雪showerysnow阵雪snowcrystal雪晶snowflake雪花snowgrains米雪snowstorm雪暴snowcover积雪snowfall[amount]雪量snowdepth雪深snowday雪日icing积冰hail冰雹thunder雷thunderstorm雷暴thundershower雷阵雨lightning闪电fog雾mist轻雾wetfog湿雾seafog海雾icefog冰雾frontalfog锋面雾advectionfog平流雾radiationfog辐射雾advection-radiationfog平流辐射雾mixingfog混合雾evaporationfog蒸发雾supercooledfog过冷却雾groundfog地面雾upslopefog上坡雾air-massfog气团雾tropicalairfog热带气团雾rime雾凇graupel霰percentageofsunshine日照百分率sunshineduration日照时数durationofpossiblesunshine可照时数02.大气探测atmosphericsoundingandobserving大气探测meteorologicalobservation气象观测surfaceobservation地面观测visualobservation目测backgroundpollutionobservation本底污染观测fieldobservation外场观测conventionalobservation常规观测sounding探空upperairobservation高空观测aircraftsounding飞机探测rocketsounding火箭探测radiosounding无线电探空surfacedata地面资料upperairdata高空资料observationsite观测场meteorologicalplatform气象观测平台automaticmeteorologicalstation自动气象站meteorologicalinstrument气象仪器screen,instrumentshelter百叶箱thermometer温度表telethermometer遥测温度表thermograph温度计geothermometer地温表surfacegeothermometer地面温度表anglegeothermometer曲管地温表tube-typedgeothermometer直管地温表maximumthermometer最高温度表minimumthermometer最低温度表mercurythermometer水银温度表Lyman-αhygrometer莱曼-α湿度表bimetallicthermograph双金属片温度计barograph气压计aneroidbarograph空盒气压计mountainbarograph高山气压计barometer气压表aneroidbarometer空盒气压表ship-barometer船用气压表mountainbarometer高山气压表pressurealtimeter气压测高表normalbarometer标准气压表mercurybarometer水银气压表Fortinbarometer福丁气压表Kewpatternbarometer寇乌气压表hygrograph湿度计hygrometer湿度表psychrometer干湿表aspiratedpsychrometer通风干湿表Assmannpsychrometer阿斯曼干湿表dew-pointhygrometer露点湿度表hairhygrometer毛发湿度表hairhygrograph毛发湿度计blackandwhitebulbthermometer黑白球温度表barothermograph气压温度计dry-bulbthermometer干球温度表wet-bulbthermometer湿球温度表sunshinerecorder日照计Jordansunshinerecorder乔唐日照计Campbell-Stokessunshinerecorder康培尔-司托克日照计pyrheliometer直接辐射表pyranometer总辐射表skyradiometerdiffusometer天空辐射表albedometer反照率表pyranometer净辐射表evaporograph蒸发计evaporationpan小型蒸发器evaporationtank大型蒸发器standardpan标准蒸发器ceilingprojector云幂灯visibilitymeter,visiometer能见度表raingauge雨量器pluviograph,recordingraingauge雨量计accumulativeraingauge累计雨量器tiltingbucketraingauge翻斗[式]雨量计electricconductivityraingauge水导[式]雨量计siphonrainfallrecorder虹吸[式]雨量计rainfallintensityrecorder雨强计tel