名词的复数形式

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1可数名词的复数变化可数名词一般有单数和复数两种形式,名词由单数变成复数的变化分为规则变化和不规则变化两个大类。1.名词复数的规则变化:⑴绝大多数名词直接在词尾加s变成复数,如:cup—cups,bathroom-bathrooms⑵以s,x,ch,sh结尾的名词变复数要加es,如:class(班级)—classes,box(盒子)—boxes,match(火柴)—matches,brush(刷子)—brushes⑶以f或fe结尾的名词变复数时,去f或fe再加ves。f、fe结尾的顺口溜:妻子持刀去宰狼,小偷吓得发了慌;躲在架后保己命,半片树叶遮月光。按:顺口溜中的黑体字是中学阶段学过的九个以—f(e)结尾的名词:wife(妻子),knife(小刀),wolf(狼),thief(小偷),shelf(架子),self(自己),life(生命),half(一半),leaf(树叶)。这九个词变复数时,都是改-f(e)为ve再加-s。注意:以f结尾的名词,一般把把f改为ves,但也有特殊情况是直接加-s的,如gulf(海湾),roof(屋顶),chief(首领),serf(农仆),belief(信仰),proof(证据),handkerchief(手帕)。编成口诀联想:海湾边、屋顶上,首领农仆相望;谁说他们无信仰,证据定在手帕上。⑷以y结尾的名词变复数时视以下两种情况而变:①元音+y:直接+s,如:boy—boys,toy—toys,day--days②辅音+y:变y为i,再+es,如:study(书房)—studies,city(城市)—cities,party(晚会)-parties⑸以o结尾的名词变复数时视以下三种情况而变:O结尾的名词顺口溜1)有生命的以o结尾的名词变复数时,词尾加es,凡无生命的以o结尾的名词变复数时,词尾加s。有生命:potato(土豆)-potatoes,tomato(西红杮)-tomatoes,hero(英雄)-heroes,Negro(黑人)--Negroes如无生命:zoo-zoos,radio-radios,photo-photos,piano-pianos,zero-zeros,bamboo(竹竿)--bamboos,tobacco(烟丝)--tobaccos2)两人两菜一水果。(+es)小学-中学课本中以o结尾的名词构成复数时,加es的只有Negro(黑人),hero(英雄),potato(土豆),tomato(西红杮),mango(芒果)这就是“两人两菜一水果”。3)其余以o结尾的名词变复数时均加s。图景:你在“zoo”里,看见一要“bamboo”,上面挂着一张“photo”,所照的是一架“piano”,上面放着一台“radio”。zoo-zoos,bamboo-bamboos,photo-photospiano-pianos,radio-radios.2.名词复数的不规则变化:2⑴把oo变成ee,如:foot(脚)—feet,tooth(牙齿)—teeth,goose(鹅)--geese⑵把词尾man变成men,如:woman(妇女)—women,policeman(警察)-policemen,fisherman(渔民)—fishermen,Frenchman(法国男人)—Frenchmen,Englishman(英国男人)—Englishmen,注意:German(德国人)—Germans,human—humans,walkman—walkmans表示民族的名词顺口溜(1)“中、日、瑞”友好是一致。(2)“英、法”联盟a变e。(3)其他一律加s即Chinese,Japanese单复数同形;Englishman,Frenchman的复数为Englishmen,Frenchmen;其他像German,American,Australian等的复数形式是在后面加“s”。⑶在词尾加en或ren变成复数,如:ox—oxen,child—children,⑷单复数同形,如:sheep—sheep,deer—deer,Chinese—Chinese,Japanese—Japanesemeans-means(方法,手段)注意:fish的复数有两种:①同种鱼,只表示鱼的数量多,不加es:Therearenearly500fishinthepond.②强调有不同种类的鱼时要加es:Thereareallkindsoffishesinthepond.⑸其它一些常见名词的不规则变化:mouse(老鼠)—mice;basis—bases(基础);oasis—oases(绿洲),datum—data(数据);medium-media(媒体)一、写出下列名词的复数形式1、orange2、class3、text4、monkey5、piano6、child7、shelf8、bed9、country10、family11、toy12、foot13、Japanese14、radio15、photo16、army17、tomato18、fox19、woman20、knife22、sheep二、选择填空1、Thereonthewall.Theyareverybeautiful.A.arephotoesB.arephotosC.isaphotoD.isphotos2.ThiskindofcarmadeinShanghai.A.isB.areC.wereD.has33.Therearefourandtwointhegroup.A.Japanese,GermenBJapaneses,GermenC.Japanese,GermanC.Japanese,Germans4.That’sartbook.A.anB.aC.theDare5.Theboyshavegotalready(已经).A.twobreadB.twobreadsC.twopiecesofbreadD.twopieceofbread6.Theoldmanwants.A.sixboxesofapplesB.sixboxesofappleC.sixboxofapplesD.sixboxsofapples7.Theresomeintheriver.A.is,fishB.are,fishsC.is,fishsD.are,fish8.Theretwointhebox.A.iswatchB.arewatchesC.arewatchD.iswatches9.Weshouldcleantwiceaday.A.ourtoothB.ourtoothsC.teethD.ourteeth10.Theycomefromdifferent______A.countryB.countriesC.acountryD.countrys11.Howmany_____doyouseeinthepicture?A.tomatosB.tomatoesC.tomatoD.thetomato12.Theyare______.A.womanteachersB.womenteachersC.womenteacherD.womanteacher13.Wouldyoulike_______,please?A.twoglassofwaterB.twoglassesofwaterC.twoglassofwatersD.twoglassesofwaters14.Mostof______livein_______.A.Germans,GermanB.German,GermenC.Germen,GermanyD.Germans,Germany15.Therearesome______inthese_______.A.knifes…pencil-boxesB.knives…pencils-boxC.knives…pencil-boxD.knives…pencils-boxes16.______like______byair.A.Greens,travellingB.TheGreen,travelingC.TheGreens,travel4D.TheGreens,travelingA.thepeopleB.peopleC.peoplesD.thepeoples三).填入所给名词的正确形式1.Ihavetwo_____(knife)2.Therearemany_____here.(box)3.Therearemany_____ontheroad.(bus)4.Afew_____aredrawingonthewall.(boy)5.The_______areplayingfootballnow.(child)

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