名词性从句

名词性从句1名词性从句：在句子中起到一个名词的作用，并充当句子的主语、宾语、表语或同位语的从句。分别称之为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。了解并正确使用关联词是写好名词性从句的关键。判断依据：1.看在从句中有无具体意义；2.看在从句中有无充当成分。如有，是充当什么成分常见的关联词：which,how,why,whenever,what,whetherwho,when,whom,whose,that，whatever,whoever,where,whomever,wherever，whichever，if，however一、名词性从句的关联词的分类、词义和用法见下表：类别词义在从句中的作用连接词__________无任何词义仅起连接作用，不作成分连接词____________________是否起连接作用，不作成分连接代词________________________________________________________________________________________有各自含义引导从句，并在从句中充当主语、表语、宾语、定语连接副词________________________________________有各自含义引导从句，在从句中作状语二、从句中that和what的区别连词that只起连接作用，在从句中不作成分，不含有疑问意义，而what在从句中作成分，常含有疑问意义。表“…的东西/事情/样子/的话/的地方”，在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语。主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中用that但不能省略。1.Iwonderifthisis______youarelookingfor.2.Ourschoolisquitedifferentfrom_______itwasbefore.3.Fathermadeapromise______ifIpassedtheexaminationhewouldbuymeacomputer.Ican’tunderstandiswhyhehaschangedhismind.earthisroundisknowntousall.6.Is_____hetoldustrue7.Ihavenodoubt_____hewillcome.8.Ihavenoidea_____hedidthatafternoon.三、who与whoever；what与whateverwhoever,whatever等引导的名词性从句不含有疑问意义，相当于名词后加一个定语从句，而who,what等引导的名词性从句都含有疑问意义。wassaidheremustbekeptsecret.2._______weneedismoretime.madethelongdistancecalltohimisnotimportant.breaksthelawwillbepunished.四、that引导同位语从句与that引导定语从句的区别引导同位语从句的that无实际意义,不作从句的任何成分,而引导定语从句的that从句的某个成分。Hetoldmethenewsthatourteamwonthematch.(同位语从句)Hetoldmethenewsthatwasveryexciting.(定语从句)五、if与whether1.主语从句：whether引导主语从句位于句首,if引导主语从句不能位于句首Whetherwewillsucceedisstillaquestion.Itisnotknownifhewillcome.2.表语从句：只能用whether，if不能引导表语从句Theproblemiswhetherthefilmisworthseeing.3.宾语从句：whether与if有时可以换用，但下列情况只能用whether①介词后的宾语从句Everythingdependsonwhetheritisfinetomorrow.②whether…ornot的宾语从句Idon’tknowwhetherornotshe’lllikeit.③复合不定式只能用whetherTelluswhethertogoorstayhere.六、在havenoidea之后常用wh-引导同位语从句Ihavenoideawherehehasgone.Ihavenoideawhenhedidit.Ihavenoideawhathedid.七、it作形式主语或形式宾语的高级句型1．it作形式主语的常用句型(1)It＋系动词＋形容词(necessary/right/likely/unlikely/wrong/important/certain等)＋that从句(2)It＋be＋名词(短语)(apity/ashame/nowonder等)＋that从句(3)It＋be＋过去分词(said/told/reported/decided等)＋that从句(4)It＋特殊动词(seems,appears,happens,matters)＋that从句(5)Itdoesn'tmatterwho/whether/if等从句2．it作形式宾语的常用句型动词find,feel,think,consider,make,believe,guess,suppose,assume等后有宾语补足语时，则需要用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。八、有用的句型1.…的原因是…1)Thereasonfor+名词+isthat…2)Thereasonwhy+句子+isthat…他缺席的原因是他……。1)Thereasonforhisabsenceisthat…2)Thereasonwhyhewasabsentisthat…2.This/That/Itis+where/why/how/because,表示具体的地点、原因、方式1)这就是我们为什么应该保持健康的原因。Thisiswhyweshouldkeephealthy.2)这就是我停车的地方。ThisiswhereIparkedmycar.过关强练：Ⅰ.用正确的关联词填空1.我的问题是我没有时间和他交流。Myproblemis______Ihavenotimetocommunicatewithhim.2.问题是这本书是否值得一读。Theproblemis_______thisbookisworthreading.3.她没有去上学的原因是她生病了。Thereason_____shedidn’tgotoschoolwas______shewasill.4.我的意见是你不该一个人去。Myopinionis______youshouldn’tgoalone.5.今天的中国已不是过去的样子了。Chinatodayisnolonger_____sheusedtobe.6.那是因为这两兄弟想要打赌。That’s_______thetwobrotherswantedtomakeabet.7.我的建议是我们明天应该早点出发。Mysuggestionis______we(should)setoffearlytomorrow.Ⅱ.用宾语从句或表语从句完成下列句子1．a.Whereisthepostofficeb.Hedoesn'tknowthat.Hedoesn'tknow__________________________________.2．a.Howshouldwedotheworkb.DidshesayanythingaboutitDidshesayanythingabout________________________3．a.Willthatmanturnupintimeb.It'saquestion.Thequestionis________________________________4．a.Yesterday'sgamemakesmefeelexcited.Yesterday'sgameis________________________________.5．a.HetoldmesomethingthatIshouldread.Hetoldme_______________________________________.Ⅲ.用主语从句改写下列句子1．a.Ishecomingornotb.Itisstilluncertain.Itisstilluncertain_________________________________.2．a.Whydidhedoitb.Itremainsamystery.________________________remainsamystery3．a.Somethingcontrolstheflowofcarbondioxideinandouttheatmospheretoday.isprettywellunderstood.Itisprettywellunderstood_______________________4．a.Suchathinghappenedinyourclass.b.Itwasapity._________________________________________________5．Thethingthatyouneedismorepractice._________________________________________________Ⅳ.用同位语从句改写下列句子1．a.Theyarefamiliarwiththeopinion.b.Allmatterconsistsofatoms.Theyarefamiliarwiththeopinion__________________________________________________.2．a.Wheredidyougettheideab.Icouldnotcome.Wheredidyougettheidea_________________________________________________3．a.Wehaven'tyetsettledthequestion.b.WherearewegoingtospendoursummervacationWehaven'tyetsettledthequestion_________________________________________________.4．a.Theydidn'tfinishthework.b.Theyhavetofacethefact._________________________________________________5．a.Imadeapromise.b.IwillwritetoyouassoonasIgettoBeijing._________________________________________________Ⅴ.将下列每组题中的两个简单句合并为一个含有名词性从句的复合句1．a.Themanagersaidalotatthemeeting.b.Hiswordswereveryattractive.________________________________________________2．a.Whendidyouentertheroomb.Thepolicewantstoknowit.________________________________________________3．a.Thisismydecision.b.Allofusaretostartat6o'clocktomorrowmorning.________________________________________________4．a.Ourwomenvolleyballteamhadwonthechampionship.b.Thenewsencouragedusallgreatly._________