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HowToGiveAGoodSpeechUnit8TextA1.(Weareallcalledupontomakeaspeechatsomepointinlife,butmostofusdonotdoaverygoodjob.Thisarticlegivessomesuggestionsonhowtogiveagoodspeech.)next2.So,youhavetogiveaspeech-andyouareafraid.Yougetnervous,youforgetwhatyouwanttosay,youstumbleoverwords,youtalktoolong,andyouboreyouraudience.Lateryouthink,“thankgoodness,it’sover.I’mjustnogoodatpublicspeaking.IhopeIneverhavetodothatagain.”nextup3.Cheerup!Itdoesn’thavetobethatbad.Herearesomesimplestepstotakeapainoutofspeech-making.Firstofall,itisimportanttoplan.Doyourhomework.Findouteverything（youcanfindout）aboutyoursubject.And,atthesametime,findoutasmuchasyoucanaboutyouraudience.Whoarethey?Whatdotheyknowaboutyoursubject?Dotheyhaveacommonsense?Whyaretheycomingtohearyouspeak?Putyourselfintheirshoesasyouprepareyourspeech.nextupNNN4.Askyourselfthepurposeofyourspeech.Whatistheoccasion?Whyareyouspeaking?Areyouintroducinganotherspeaker?Moderatingdiscussion?Givingalecture?Convincingsomeone?Therearemanypossiblespeakingroles,andeachonehasitsownspecialcharacteristics.Makesureyouknowintowhichcategoryyoufit.Don’tspoilyourspeechbyconfusingonespeakingrolewithanother.Aspoiledboynextup5.Letussupposethatyouhavebeenaskedtointroducethemainspeakeratameeting.First,findoutthemostimportantandinterestingthingsaboutspeaker.Then,summarizethisinformationinafewwords.Itisallrighttotellajokeifitisingoodtasteandwillnotembarrassthespeaker.And,mostimportant,bebrief.Remember,youarenotthemainspeaker;youareintroducingthemainspeaker.nextupN6.Ifyouareamoderator,youshouldbeginbygivingaquickintroductionofthepeopleonthepanel.Afterthat,youshouldtrytofocusontheconnectionsbetweenthespeakers.Keepyourselfinthebackground.Don’ttalktoomuch,anddon’tcutin.Beskillfulandconsiderate.nextup7.Ifyouaregivingalectureorexplaininganidea,gatherasmanyfactsasyoucanonyoursubject.Spendplentyoftimedoingyourresearch.Thenspendplentyoftimeorganizingyourmaterialsothatyourspeechisclearandeasytofollow.Useasmanyexamplesaspossible,andusepictures,chartsorgraphsiftheywillhelpyoumakeyourpointsmoreclearly.Neverforgetyouraudience.Don’ttalkovertheirheads,anddon’ttalkdowntothem.Treatyouraudiencewithrespect.Theywillappreciateyourthoughtfulness.nextup8.Ifyouaretryingtosellsomething,youwillneedtoconvinceyouraudience.DoyouwantthemtovoteforCandidateA?areyouofferingthemanewimprovedtoothbrush?Thiskindofspeechisusuallydramatic,butheretoo,youmustdoyourresearchandknowyourfacts.nextup9.Whenyouaremakingyourspeech,trytorelax.Speakslowlyandclearlyandlookatpeopleinyouraudience,usesimplevocabularyandexpressionswheneverpossible.Stopforafewsecondsnowandthentogiveyouraudienceachancetothinkaboutwhatyouhavesaid.Makesurethateveryoneintheroomcanhearyou.Ifitisalargeroomoranauditorium,youwillprobablyhavetouseamicrophone.nextup10.Justremember:beprepared.Knowyoursubject,youraudience,andtheoccasion.Bebrief.Saywhatyouhavetosayandthenstop.Letyourpersonalitycomethroughsothatyoumakeperson-topersoncontactwithyouraudience.nextup11.Ifyoufollowthesesimplesteps,you’llseethatyoudon’thavetobeafraidofpublicspeaking.Infact,youmayfindtheexperiencesoenjoyablethatyouasktomakemorespeeches!You’renotconvincedyet?Giveitatryandseewhathappens.nextuppoint:n.时刻，关头，瞬间，阶段；看法，事实，要点Thereisnopointindoingthingv.指引，指向,~at/to/towardssb./sth.（用指头或物体）指，指向e.g.Manypeoplesufferfrommentalillnessatsomepointintheirlives.T许多人在人生的某个阶段，都会得精神病。e.g.Shepointedinmydirection.T她指向了我这边。backconvince:v.1)~sb./yourself(ofsth.)使确信，使相信，使信服2）劝说，说服（某人做某事）e.g.You’llneedtoconvincethemofyourenthusiasmforthejob.T你要使他们相信你殷切期盼这份工作。e.g.I’vebeentryingtoconvincehimtoseeadoctor.T我一直劝说他去看医生。backcall:vt.大声说出，叫，叫醒vt.称呼，取名，起名vt.打电话e.g.Callhimifthemanagerdoesn’twakeupintime.T如果经理不能及时醒来，就叫醒他。e.g.TheycalledthebabyHelenaftertheirbelovedteacher.T他们以自己敬爱的老师的名字海伦为自己的婴儿起名。backe.g.nextvt.邀请，召集，召开callback:召回，通知，需要（某人）返回到先前的状况或位置；calldown:挑剔找麻烦，斥责；callfor:需求，需要；callforth:唤起，振奋；calloff:取消;callupon:要求，号召；拜访Callme(up)thisevening,ifit’sconvenienttoyou.T如果方便的话，今天晚上给我打个电话。e.g.AcelebrationmeetingistobecalledforMay4.T定于五月四日召开庆祝大会。e.g.nextupbackThemanagercalledthelaid-offworkersback.Theteachercalledmedownfordisobedience.Theoccasioncallsforacoolhead.Thisisalovesongthatcallsforthsadmemories.Themeetinghasbeencalledoff.Icalluponyoutotellthetruth.T经理召回了被解雇的工人。T因我不听话，老师训斥了我。这种场合需要头脑冷静。一首引起悲伤回忆的爱情歌曲。TTup会议取消了。T我要求你说真话。Tbackbore:n.令人厌烦的人或事v.使某人感到厌烦adj.bored/boring无趣的，厌烦的e.g.Don’tboreyourguests!T不要让你的客人厌烦backbeboredwith对…厌倦take…outof…:取出，除去e.g.Thefinewillbetakenoutofyourwages.T罚款将从你的工资中扣掉。backcutin(onsb./sth.):打断（谈话）；插嘴e.g.Shekeptcuttinginonourconversation.“forgetit.”shecutin.T我们说话时她总是插嘴。backT“算了吧！”她插嘴说。appreciate:vt.鉴赏，欣赏，赏识vt.感激，感谢e.g.Ithinkthatyoungchildrenoftenappreciatemodernpicturesbetterthananyoneelse.HeappreciatedthegeniusofFrank.T我认为小孩对现代画往往比任何人都更有鉴赏力。backT他很赏识弗兰克的才能。e.g.Weappreciateyoureffortsforthedevelopmentofthecompany.T我们感激你对公司发展所作出的努力。nextvt.察觉，意识到e.g.Weappreciateyourdifficulty.T我们意识到你们的困难。backnextappreciatedoing感激做…I’dappreciateitif…如果…我将不胜感激I'dappreciateitifyoucouldcallmetonight.你今天晚上如果能给我打个电话的话，我将非常感激。suppose:vt.（常与that连用）认定，猜测