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英文合同合同常用词第一节合同常用词(UsualWording)(1)当大量接触英文合同，就会发现英文合同中有些词或短语出现的频率非常高，往往影响或决定了对合同的准确理解，下面就分门别类从常见实词和常见虚词两个方面进行具体介绍：一、英文合同常用虚词（UsualFunctionWords）1．Here/there/where+介词构成的古体词基本规则：Here代表this，there代表that，where代表which或what即here/there/where+介词=介词+this/that/whichorwhatHereby:bymeansof;byreasonofthis.特此，由此，兹等意。例句：TheBuyerherebyordersfromtheSellertheundermentionedgoodssubjecttothefollowingconditions:买方向卖方订购下列商品，条件如下：Herein：inthis。此中，于此。例句：TheminimumroyaltyhereinspecifiedshallbepaidbyPartyBtoPartyA.在此规定的最低特许权使用费应由乙方付给甲方。Hereinafter:laterinthesameContract.以下，在下文。通常与tobereferredtoas,referredas,called连用。例句：ThisAgreementismadeandconcludedon______,(date)____(year),byandbetween_____(hereinaftercalledPartyA)ontheonehandand_____(hereinaftercalledPartyB)ontheotherhand.本协议书于____年___月___日由_____（以下简称甲方）为一方，与_____(以下简称乙方)为另一方签订。Hereof：ofthis。关于此点，在本文件中。Hereunder：underthis.本文件规定。例句：Bothpartiesagreetoattempttoresolvealldisputesbetweenthepartieswithrespecttotheapplicationorinterpretationofanytermhereofoftransactionhereunder,throughamicablenegotiation.合同双方就本合同规定交易任一条款的适用和解释所产生的所有争议同意力求通过友好协商予以解决。Hereto：tothis.本文件的。Thereof：ofthat.它的，其。Thereto：tothat与之，向那里。例句：“LicensedProducts”meansthedevicesandproductsdescribedinSchedule1annexedheretotogetherwithallimprovementandmodificationthereofordevelopmentwithrespectthereto.“特许产品”系指在本协议附件1中所述的装置和产品，及其全部改进和修改的产品和与之相关的产品。Herewith：withthis.与此，附此。Thereby：bythatmeans.因此，由此，从而例句：InanyoneormoreoftheprovisionscontainedinthisContractoranydocumentexecutedinconnectionherewithshallbeinvalidofunenforceableinanyrespectunderanyapplicablelaw,thevalidityandenforceabilityoftheremainingprovisionscontainedhereinshallnotinanywaybeaffectedthereby.如果根据现行法律，本合同及与此有关文件中有一项或多项条款被视为无效或不能履行，本合同其余条款的效力和履行将不因此受影响。Thereafter:afterthat，afterwards.此后例句：TheContractforthecontractualjointventureshallcontinuefromaperiodoftwoyearsthereafter.本合作经营企业合同，此后应持续有效两年。Therein:inthat;inthatparticularcontext;inthatrespect.在那里；在那点上；在那方面。例句：TheLeasedPremisesaredeemedtobefitforoccupationwhenthebuildingthereinissubstantiallycompleted.当在那里的建筑物实质完成时，该租赁房屋才认为适合占有居住。Therewith：withthat.以此；此外。例句：TheEmployershallindemnifyandsaveharmlesstheContractoragainstandfromthesameandagainstandfromallclaims,proceedings,damages,costs,chargesandexpenseswhatsoeverarisingthereoutorinconnectiontherewith.业主应赔偿所有索赔、诉讼、损害赔偿、支出、花费、费用，不论因本合同产生或与其相关，并保证承包人免于承担上述责任。Whereby:bytheagreement,bythefollowingtermsandconditions,etc.凭此协议，凭此条款等。例句：ThisAgreementismadeandconcludedbyandbetweenAACorporation(hereinafterreferredtoasPartyA)andBBCompany(hereinafterreferredtoasPartyB)wherebythePartiesheretoagreetoenterintothecompensationtradeunderthetermsandconditionssetforthbelow:本协议由AA公司（以下简称甲方）和BB公司（以下简称乙方）签订。双方同意按下列条款进行补偿贸易。（本句中省略未译）2．WITNESSETH,Whereas,NowTherefore,NOWTHESEPRESENTSWITNESS,KnowAllMenbythesepresents，InwitnessWhereof,InTestimonyWhereof,Undersigned.24WITHNESSETH,Whereas,NowTherefore用于英文合同前言部分，InwitnessWhereof用于合同结尾证明部分，在第二章篇章结构特点中已有涉及，恕不赘述。InTestimonyWhereof:inWitnessWhereof.以此为证，特立此证。例句：InTestimonyWhereofwehaveheretosignedthisDocumenton_____(date)acceptedon_____(date).我方于__年__月__日签署本文件，并于__年__月__日接受该文件，特此为证。NOWTHESEPRESENTSWITNESS:兹特立约为据,本句话也是用于WHEREAS条款之后引出具体协议事项。例句：NOWTHESEPRESENTSWITNESSthatitisherebyagreedbetweenthepartiesheretoasfollows:兹特立约为据，并由订约双方协议如下：KNOWALLMENbythesepresents:根据本文件，特此宣布。（通常用于前言部分）例句：KNOWALLMENbythesepresentsthatwe_____(bank’sname)havingourregisteredofficeat______(hereinaftercalled“theBank”)willbeboundunto_____(theOwner’sname)(hereinaftercalled“theOwner”)inthesumof____forpaymentwellandtrulytobemadetothesaidOwner,theBankwillbinditself,itssuccessorsandbetterassigneebythesepresents.根据本文件，兹宣布，我行，（银行名称），其注册地点在（以下简称本银行）向（业主名称）（以下简称本业主）立约担保支付（金额数）的保证金。本保证书对本银行及其继受人和受让人均具有约束力。Undersigned:法律文件末尾的签名者,前面加定冠词the,是指文件签署者的自称。例句：TheundersignedSellerandBuyerhaveagreedtoclosethefollowingtransactioninaccordancewiththetermsandconditionsstipulatedasfollows:兹经签约的买卖双方同意，按下列条款，达成这笔交易。3．Notwithstanding:inspiteof,despite.即使，尽管。例1：Notwithstandinganyotherprovisionstothecontraryherein,insurancecoverageandlimitsshallbesubjecttoapprovalofalltheparties.即使有与本合同相悖的规定，保险范围和责任限制应以合同各方同意为准。例2：NotwithstandingArticle2.2,thepartiesmayagreetoextendtheExpirationdatetosuchdateasisreasonableinthecircumstancesifanyoftheconditionsprecedentreferredtoinArticle2.1isnotsatisfiedorwaivedonorbeforetheExpirationDate,anysuchagreementorwaivertobeinwriting.尽管有本合同第二条第二款规定，如果上述第二条第一款规定的先决条件在合同期满日之前既未实现又未放弃，合同各方亦可根据具体情况，约定合理延长合同的期满日。4．As合同英语中as出现的频率极高，而且用法灵活多变，是典型的自由人。在某种意义上讲，as使用的熟练程度可以衡量合同英语的造诣。具体用法和含义见以下实例：As放在代表规定的provide，stipulate，setforth，prescribe等词的过去分词前，含义为“依照某某25规定”。例1：Forpurposeofthis,CapitalAccountshallbeadjustedhypotheticallyasprovidedforinSection4.6herein.基于此，应依照本合同第四条第六款调整资金账户。例2：basedontheirrespectiveVentureinterestsassetforthinSection5.2hereof.基于本合同第五条第二款规定的各方在合资公司中的权益。另有Exceptasotherwiseprovided结构，表示“除非本文/某条款另有规定”。例句：Exceptasotherwiseprovidedherein,allnoticesordemandssentbyregisteredairmailshallbedeemedreceived8daysaftertheyhavebeensentandnoticesordemandssentbytelexshallbedeemedreceivedatthetim