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Unit1GreatScientistsReadingReadthepassageagainandfillintheblanks:JohnSnowwasawell-known_______inLondoninthe_____century.Hewantedtofindthe______ofcholerainorderto______it.In1854whenacholera______out,hebegantogatherinformation.He_______onamapwhereallthedeadpeoplehadlivedandhefoundthatmanypeoplewhohaddrunkthedirtywaterfromthe______died.Sohedecidedthatthepollutedwatercarriedcholera.Hesuggestedthatthe_______ofallwatersuppliesbe_________andthewatercompanieswere__________notto______people___pollutedwateranymore.Finally“KingCholera”was_______.doctor19thcausedefeatbrokemarkedpumpsourceexaminedinstructedexposetodefeated【考点必记】(1)challengesb.tosth.要求某人某事challengesb.todosth.要求/激励某人做某事(2)challengingadj.挑战性的;挑起争论的【熟词生义】Wewerechallengedbypoliceattheborder.(盘问,查问)challengen.挑战vt.向……挑战【语境检测】单句语法填空①(2017·北京高考)TOKNOWMagazinebringsauniquecombinationof__________(challenge)ideasandgoodfuntoyoungfanseverymonth.②Weshouldembracethese_________(challenge)asanopportunitytoinnovateandapproachsocialissues.challengingchallenges【考点必记】(1)beresponsiblefor对……负责;是……的原因beresponsibletosb.对某人负责(2)responsibilityn.责任,职责;义务takeresponsibilityfor对……负责take(no)responsibilitytodosth.(没)有责任做某事astrongsenseofresponsibility强烈的责任感responsibleadj.有责任的;负责的【语境检测】单句语法填空①(2017·天津高考)Whoisresponsible___theoperationofsuchvehiclesisnotclearamongcarmakers,consumersandlawyers.for②(2016·天津高考)Childhoodactivitieshelpachilddevelop____________(responsible),independence,confidenceandcompetence.responsibility【写作提升】同义句转换③Studentsshouldtakeresponsibilityfortheirownlearning.→Studentsshould________________theirownlearning.beresponsiblefor【考点必记】(1)attendameeting/alecture/awedding/school/achurch参加会议/听讲座/参加婚礼/上学/做礼拜attendon/uponsb.伺候某人;照顾某人attendto处理;倾听;照顾;专心于beattendedby...由……陪同;由……照料(2)attendancen.出席;参加;上学;到场attendvt.照顾;护理;出席;参加;上学【语境检测】写出句中黑体部分的含义①(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)IthenmadeitapointtoattendthosemeetingsandlearnallIcould.()出席②(2017·北京高考)Later,whenHannahattendedschool,shesawanotherhomelessperson.()③Thepatientsarewellattendedinthehospital.()上学护理【考点必记】(1)beenthusiasticabout/for对……热心(2)enthusiasmn.热心,热忱,热情enthusiasticallyadv.热心地;满腔热情地enthusiasticadj.热情的;热心的【语境检测】单句语法填空①JackieChanislikelytoturnupatthepartyforcharity,sinceheisalwaysenthusiastic_____suchthings.②(2016·四川高考)Theylistenedwithgreatinterest,andthen______________(enthusiastic)joinedingrandconversationsaboutHarry’sadventures.aboutenthusiastically◆instructv.命令,指示,教导Thechildrenwerealsoinstructednottoleavetheclassroomafterclass.孩子们也被要求下课后留在教室里。Sheinstructedmeintheuseofthecomputer.她教我使用电脑。[拓展]instructsb.(insth.)教,教导,传授技能instructsb.todo命令,指示instructthat-clause通知……Whatshouldwepayattentiontoinourdailylifeinordernottogetinfectedwithdiseases?HealthefoodleftovernightCookrawfoodthoroughlyWashhandsoftenKeepawayfromflieschoosefreshseafoodKeepthekitchencleanDisposerubbishproperly.DrinkboiledwaterDiscussion句型1.Neitheritscausenoritscurewasunderstood.(P2)◆neither...nor...表示“既不……也不”,用来连接两个并列成分,如果连接两个主语,谓语动词采取就近一致原则。使用就近原则的还有:either...or...或者……或者;notonly...butalso...不仅……而且;...or...……或者……;not...but...不是……而是……Neithermymumnorbrothersareathometoday.今天我妈妈和哥哥都不在家。IcanneitherspeaknorwriteFrench.=NeithercanIspeakFrenchnorcanIwriteit.我既不会说法语也不会写法语。翻译句子：1.我既不熟悉原因也不熟悉发生了什么。______________________________________________________________________________________2.人们既不了解事情的起因也不知道事情的发展。__________________________________________________________________________________________Neitherthereasonnorwhatwashappenedisfamiliartome.Neitherthecauseofthematternoritsdevelopmentis/wasknown.【语境检测】完成句子①_______________________________knewanythingaboutit.学生们和老师都不知道这件事。Neitherthestudentsnortheteacher②(2015·北京高考)Thisphenomenonis__________________;itisafactofcollegelife,todayandinthepast.这种现象既不好也不坏,在现在和过去这都是大学生活的一个事实。neithergoodnorbad2.Topreventthisfromhappeningagain,JohnSnowsuggestedthatthesourceofallthewatersuppliesbeexamined.为防止这种情况再度发生,约翰·斯诺建议所有水源都要经过检测。【考点必记】(1)动词不定式位于句首作目的状语相当于inorderto。soasto也可以作目的状语,一般不位于句首。(2)动词不定式作结果状语,表示意料之外的结果,此时动词不定式前常加only或just。(3)动词不定式跟在表示情绪的形容词后作原因状语。【语境检测】单句语法填空①(2016·北京高考)________(make)iteasiertogetintouchwithus,you’dbetterkeepthiscardathand.②It’ssaidthattheheaviestmaninthiscity,weighing1,345pounds,hasbeensenttohospital_________(receive)medicaltreatment.Tomaketoreceive【写作提升】完成句子③________________________________________,thefirmwillallowthemtohaveacoffeebreak.为了提高员工的工作效率,公司将允许他们有喝咖啡的时间。Toimprovetheemployees’workingefficiency3.Somanythousandsofterrifiedpeoplediedeverytimetherewasanoutbreak.每次爆发(霍乱)时,都有成千上万的人病死。【考点必记】(1)everytime引导时间状语从句,相当于whenever,表示“每当……”(2)名词词组作连词用,引导时间状语从句,类似用法还有:①由time构成的名词词组eachtime,nexttime,anytime,thefirst/lasttime等。【语境检测】完成句子①_____________________________,wewishtodocumentitinsomeformoranother.每次看到一些新鲜的事物,我们都希望能够以某种形式记录下来。Everytimeweseesomethingnew②Ifyoudonotmind,Imaybringitbacktoyou______________________.如果你不介意的话,我也可以在下次去加拿大的时候把它给你带回去。nexttimeIgotoCanada②由the+名词构成的词组theminute,themoment,theinstant,thesecond,意为“一……就……”,相当于assoonas。4.Heknewthatcholerawouldneverbecontrolleduntilitscausewasfound.(P2)(1)never...until...中until=till意为“直到……为止”,句