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TheCathedralandtheBazaar洛基开放文化实验室中译本v1.11EricStevenRaymondTheCathedralandtheBazaarABSTRACTIanatomizeasuccessfulopen-sourceproject,fetchmail,thatwasrunasadeliberatetestofthesurprisingtheoriesaboutsoftwareengineeringsuggestedbythehistoryofLinux.Idiscussthesetheoriesintermsoftwofundamentallydifferentdevelopmentstyles,the``cathedral''modelofmostofthecommercialworldversusthe``bazaar''modeloftheLinuxworld.Ishowthatthesemodelsderivefromopposingassumptionsaboutthenatureofthesoftware-debuggingtask.IthenmakeasustainedargumentfromtheLinuxexperienceforthepropositionthat“Givenenougheyeballs,allbugsareshallow”',suggestproductiveanalogieswithotherself-correctingsystemsofselfishagents,andconcludewithsomeexplorationoftheimplicationsofthisinsightforthefutureofsoftware.Thisisversion3.0Copyright©2000EricS.RaymondPermissionisgrantedtocopy,distributeand/ormodifythisdocumentunderthetermsoftheOpenPublicationLicense,version2.0.$Date:2002/08/0209:02:14$Source:~esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/cathedral-bazaar/艾里克·斯蒂芬·雷蒙大教堂和市集摘要Linux的发展史促生了一些关于软件工程的惊人理论。我有意的在一个成功的开源项目fetchmail中测试了这些理论，并在此加以剖析。这里讨论了两种根本上不同的开发“”模式：大多数商业项目使用的大教堂模式和Linux世界“”的市集模式。我们将看到，这两种模式源于对软件调试工作的本质的两种彼此对立的假设。我接着从Linux的经验“”出发，对只要眼球足够多，所有臭虫都好捉的定理作了一个站得住的论证；建议它与其它由自主成员组成的自纠错系统之间富有意义的相似之处。最后，我探讨了这个发现对未来软件业的启示。洛基开放文化实验室中译本v1.1译文按原文使用的OPLv2.0发布。中译本的主页在欢迎批评改进。TheCathedralandtheBazaar洛基开放文化实验室中译本v1.12译序开源软件和开放性内容兴起的背后是社会信息结构的变革。技术和知识在公共领域的畅通促进发展、公平和机遇，破除与经济和政治权力绑结的知识垄断。然而草根能量需要一个健康的进化机制来真正推动社会的进步。其中的核心是知识生产和传播的可靠性、可信度。这个《大教堂和市集》的新译本就是洛基开放文化实验室所作努力的一部分。像RL的所有项目一样，欢迎每个人的参与和批评。这个版本由habpi主译；根据最新的英文版本，比网上流传的中文版本增加了一些内容，也作了很多修正。原文中的长句很多，我们不得不在中文里作了一些结构调整，力求在准确表达作者原意的同时保证句子通畅。然而现在的版本还是不够通俗；而且限于水平和时间，其中的错漏之处是难免的。我们真诚希望通过各界朋友的批评指正来提高，同时也欢迎大家就相关的主题进行讨论。这个版本没有翻译注释、文献和致谢部分，希望有人力把它们在未来的版本中完成。感谢网友feiyue999、虎子、lawrence、bingo等人（恕不一一提及）的指正。有关讨论、核对、反馈和版本升级，请访问这个项目的永久网址。~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~[]洛基开放文化实验室，使用开源方法来推动社会文化进步目录TheCathedralandtheBazaar大教堂和市集TheMailMustGetThrough邮件必须通过...........................................................................5TheImportanceofHavingUsers用户的重要性.........................................................................10ReleaseEarly,ReleaseOften早发布、常发布.....................................................................12HowManyEyeballsTameComplexity要多少个眼球来驯服复杂度.................................................17WhenIsaRoseNotaRose?画虎莫类犬.............................................................................22PopclientbecomesFetchmailPopclient变成了Fetchmail.....................................................24FetchmailGrowsUpFetchmail长大了.....................................................................29AFewMoreLessonsfromFetchmailFetchmail带来的其它几条经验............................................31NecessaryPreconditionsfortheBazaarStyle市集风格的必要前提.............................................................34TheSocialContextofOpen-SourceSoftware开源软件的社会语境.............................................................37OnManagementandtheMaginotLine关于管理和马其诺防线.........................................................43Epilog:NetscapeEmbracestheBazaar后记：网景欢迎市集.............................................................51Notes.........................................................................................54Bibliography.............................................................................58Acknowledgements..................................................................59TheCathedralandtheBazaar洛基开放文化实验室中译本v1.13Linuxissubversive.Whowouldhavethoughtevenfiveyearsago(1991)thataworld-classoperatingsystemcouldcoalesceasifbymagicoutofpart-timehackingbyseveralthousanddevelopersscatteredallovertheplanet,connectedonlybythetenuousstrandsoftheInternet?CertainlynotI.BythetimeLinuxswamontomyradarscreeninearly1993,IhadalreadybeeninvolvedinUnixandopen-sourcedevelopmentfortenyears.IwasoneofthefirstGNUcontributorsinthemid-1980s.Ihadreleasedagooddealofopen-sourcesoftwareontothenet,developingorco-developingseveralprograms(nethack,Emacs'sVCandGUDmodes,xlife,andothers)thatarestillinwideusetoday.IthoughtIknewhowitwasdone.LinuxoverturnedmuchofwhatIthoughtIknew.IhadbeenpreachingtheUnixgospelofsmalltools,rapidprototypingandevolutionaryprogrammingforyears.ButIalsobelievedtherewasacertaincriticalcomplexityabovewhichamorecentralized,aprioriapproachwasrequired.Ibelievedthatthemostimportantsoftware(operatingsystemsandreallylargetoolsliketheEmacsprogrammingeditor)neededtobebuiltlikecathedrals,carefullycraftedbyindividualwizardsorsmallbandsofmagesworkinginsplendidisolation,withnobetatobereleasedbeforeitstime.LinusTorvalds'sstyleofdevelopment—releaseearlyandoften,delegateeverythingyoucan,beopentothepointofpromiscuity—cameasasurprise.Noquiet,reverentcathedral-buildinghere—rather,theLinuxcommunityseemedtoresembleagreatbabblingbazaarofdifferingagendasandapproaches(aptlysymbolizedbytheLinuxarchivesites,who'dtakesubmissionsfromanyone)outofwhichacoherentandstablesy