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英语语用学教程EnglishPragmatics:ACoursebook1.BackgroundanddefinitionsWarmingupactivityWhatdoestheboystillneedtolearnaboutusinglanguage?Alittleboycomesinthefrontdoor.Mother:Wipeyourfeet,please.Heremoveshismuddyshoesandsocksandcarefullywipeshiscleanfeetonthedoormat.1.1Backgroundofpragmatics1.1DefinitionsofpragmaticsPragmaticsisthestudyofhowthespeakerproducesandhowthehearerunderstandsthepeculiarusesoflanguage.1.2Componentvs.perspective分相论与综观论1.2.1ComponentviewofpragmaticsDavispointsoutinhisbookPragmatics:AReader(1991)thatpragmatics,likephonetics,phonology,morphology,syntaxandsemantics,isacomponentoflinguistics.1.2.2PerspectiveviewofpragmaticsVerschueren(1999)proposesthatpragmaticsisnotacomponentoflinguistics,butanewwayoflookingatlanguage.Pragmaticsisspecifiedas“ageneralcognitive,social,andculturalperspectiveonlinguisticphenomenainrelationtotheirusageinformsofbehavior”(Verschueren,1999)语用学是语言各个方面的功能总览,即研究人类生活中语言的认知、社会和文化的功能。1.3Usesofpragmatics(1)Itiscoldhere.(2)Wife:Whatisinthenewspaper?Husband:(puttingdownthenewspaperandswitchingontheTV)Nothing.(3)Light,please!Youcansee,twoormorutterancesmighthavethesameunderlyingsentenceastheirscript,buttheycanhavequitedifferentinterpretationsincontext.B.itiscoldinhere.SP:Thetemperatureinthisplaceisfrigid.PP:james,shutthewindow.Thereisnothingworthreadinginthenewspaper.1.4Aimsofpragmatics1.5scopeofPragmatics1.5.1Deixisandreferences1.5.2presupposition1.5.3Conversationalimplicature1.5.4Relevancetheory1.5.5Speechacttheory1.6.6ConversationanalysisSentence&utteranceA.MikeandAnnieareinthelivingroom.MikeasksAnniewhethershewouldliketoeatdinnerIthelivingroomorthekitchen.Anniereplies:itiscoldinhere.B.TheQueenandJamesareinthedrawingroom.Thewindowisopen.TheQueensays:itiscoldinhere.B.Herearesampleanalyses.A.ItiscoldinhereSP:Thetemperatureinthisplaceisfrigid.PP:Let’seatinthekitchen.B.ItiscoldinhereSP:Thetemperatureinthisplaceisfrigid.PP:James,shutthewindow.