句子成分详解表句子成分意义充当词类例句主语表示句子说的是什么人或什么事名,代,数,不定式,动名词,短语或句子WestudyinHuangQiaoMiddleSchool.谓语说明主语做什么,是什么或怎么样动词或动词词组Sheisdancingunderthetree.宾语表示动作行为的对象同主语BothofuslikeEnglish.表语与联系动词连用,一起构成谓语,说明主语的性质或特征同主语Herfatherisachemist.Hiswordssoundreasonable.定语用来修饰名词或代词形,代,数,名,副,介词短语或句子Wehaveeightlessonseveryday.状语修饰动词,形容词,副词,表示动作发生的时间,地点,原因,目的,方式,结果等副词,介词短语或句子Heworksveryhard.TheyheldapartyinHollywood.宾语补足语逻辑上与宾语是主谓关系形容词,名词,介词短语等Shealwayskeepsthehouseclean.主语谓语是基础,宾表定状补辅助。宾主来自名代数,动词作谓不可无!——取得英语语法成功的基石什么是句子?句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的,是能表达一个完整概念的语言单位.句子的第一个字母必须大写,结尾要有?.!主语和谓语是一句子中不可缺少的成分.Iamateacher.Areyouastudent?Howbeautifulthegirlis!3现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种,即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有七种:主语(subject)、谓语(predicate)、表语(predicative)、宾语(object)、定语(attribute)、状语(adverbial)、补语(complement)。句子包括哪些成分?句子成分(1)谓主宾表示句子所说的是“什么人”或“什么事物”主语Whatheneedsisabook.GinaisfromAustralia.Sheoftengoestothemovies.Doingtheworkishardforhim.主语(subject):句子说明的人或事物。主语一般位于______。1.Lucylikeshernewbike.2.Weworkhard.3.Tolearnaforeignlanguageisnoteasy.4.Playingfootballafterschoolisgreatfun.句首•在“Therebe…”句型中,主语的位置在•be动词之后。•如:•Therearesomebottlesofmilkinthebox.•Thereisaduckinthelake.一、主语主语可以用下面这些东西表示:1.Thesunrisesintheeast.()2.Helikesdancing.()3.Twowillbeenough.()4.Seeingisbelieving.()6.Toseeistobelieve.()7.Whatheneedsisabook.()8.Itisveryclearthattheelephantistalllikeatree.()名词代词数词动名词不定式从句It作形式主语,that从句是真正的主语形式主语Itisclearthatthesunisbiggerthantheearth.ItisimportanttolearnEnglishwell.不定式、从句等作主语时,为避头重脚轻,常用it作形式主语置句首。你能划出下列句子的真正的主语吗?翻译1)Itiswrongtotellalie.()2)Heiscleveralot.3)Itisgettingclod4)Itiseasyformetoplaythepiano.5)Theteacheriskindtous.说谎是错误的。主语在哪里Theyoungshouldrespecttheold.Tomdidn'tdohishomeworkyesterday.Whathehassaidistrue.Seeingisbelieving.(眼见为实)说明主语“做什么”或“怎么样”,谓语通常是动词。主谓要一致谓语WeloveChina.Hehasabadcold.•1.WeloveChina.•2.Wehavefinishedreadingthisbook.•3.HecanspeakEnglish.•4.Sheseemstired.谓语:说明主语做什么或怎么样。通常由______充当.实义动词或系动词动词常分为实义动词,连系动词,情态动词和助动词.△情态动词和助动词不能单独充当谓语,必须和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语.TheycanspeakEnglishwell.Theyareplayingoverthere.动词常分为实义动词,连系动词,情态动词和助动词.Wehavefinishedreadingthisbook.谓语在哪里TheycanspeakEnglishwell.Helookedaftertwoboys.Theyenjoyedplayingcomputergames.lookafter照顾表示动作,行为的对象说明主语“做了什么”(所做的事)宾语CanIasksomequestions?Heislookingatthedog.•宾语是动作,行为的对象,由名词,代词,短语,不定式,动名词,从句充当.它和及物动词一起说明主语做了什么,在谓语、介词之后.宾语:动作行为的对象,说明主语做什么。一般放在_________或_______后面.1.WestudyEnglish.2.Ourteachersaidthathewouldgothere.3.Heislookingatthedog.△双宾语:指人的是间接宾语,指物的是直接宾语。Hegavemetwobooks.及物动词介词间接宾语直接宾语Hegavemetwobooks.TomteachesusEnglish.双宾语人是间接宾语物是直接宾语常跟双宾语的词give,buy,teach二、宾语可以用下面这些东西表示:1.Shelivedahappylife.()2.Iloveyou.()3.Weneedtwo.()4.Doyoumindmyopeningthedoor?()5.HebegantolearnEnglishayearago.()6.Hedidnotknowwhattosay.()7.Didyouwritedownwhatshesaid?()8.Shefeltitherdutytotakegoodcareofthem.()名词代词数词动名词不定式疑问词+不定式从句It作形式宾语,不定式是真正的宾语Mybrotherhasn’tdonehishomework.ABCDYoumustpaygoodattentiontoAByourpronunciation.CD宾语在哪里Summary2谓语“做….”或“怎么样”3宾语动作行为”做”的对象主语“什么人”或“什么事”1Sheisabeautifulgirl.句子成分(2)定状补表说明主语“是什么”,“怎么样”位于系动词之后表语Hermotherisabankclerk.Thefoodtastesdelicious.表语说明主语是什么,或者怎么样,由名词,形容词,副词,介词短语,不定式,动名词,短语,或者从句充当.表语位于系动词后面.表语:跟在后面的词语或从句,用来说明主语的身份,特征,状态.Thetreesturngreen.Theflowerisbeautiful.系动词Healwayskeptsilentatmeeting.系动词状态系动词表示主语状态、身份等,主要有be(isamare)Iamhungry.持续系动词表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主要有keep,remain,stay等。Hebecamemadafterthat.系动词感官系动词主要有feel,smell,sound,taste,look等。Thisflowersmellsverysweet.变化系动词表示主语变化,主要有become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come等。表语表语可以用下面这些东西表示:Heisateacher.()Myideaisthis.()Toseeistobelieve.()Ifeelmuchbettertoday./Imustbeoffnow.()Heisoutofdanger.()Thenewswasexciting./Theywereexcitedatthenews.()WhatsurprisedmemostwasthathespokeChinesesowell.()名词代词不定式从句形容词/副词介词短语分词找出表语Everythinglooksnice.Hisfaceturnedred.Heishappy.修饰名词或代词定语She’sagoodbasketballplayer.What’syourname?Thegirlwithlonghairismysister.定语:用来修饰_____.Thisisaredcar.Thebuildingistheirteachingbuilding.Thewomandoctorismywife.Ihavesomethingtotellyou.ThemaninfrontofthedoorisMr.Li.EverystudenthasanEnglishbook.五、定语名词和代词三、定语定语可以用下面这些东西表示:It’saredcar.()Theyliveintheroomabove.()Mybrotherisateacher.()Webelongtothethirdworld.()Lucy’sfatherisapoorworker.()Mothermadeabirthdaycakeforme.()Themanunderthetreeismyteacher.()Theswimmingboyismybrother./Theboyswimmingintheriverismybrother.()形容词副词代词数词名词所有格名词介词短语现在分词找出定语Somepeopleforgottosweepthefloor.ABCDThemandownstairswastryingtosleep.ABCD修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句,说明时间、地点、方式、因果、条件、让步、方向、程度、目的等。状语ThestudentsfollowedUncleWangtoseetheothermachines.Hesattherequietly.四、状语状语可以用下面这些东西表示:Heisoftenlateforclass.()Wesawthatpictureatthecinema.()Hesattheresmoking.()Theyreturnedtiredandhungry.()Theydideverythingtheycouldtosavetheboy’slife.()Althoughheisyoung,heknowsalot.()TheboxissoheavythatIcan’tliftit.()副词,程度介词短语,地点分词,伴随不定式,目的形容词,状态让步状语从句结果状语从句四、状语可以用下面这些东西表示:Whilemywifewasreadingthenewspaper,IwaswatchingTV.()Hewasangrybecausewewerelate.()Ifitrainstomorrow,wewon’tgoout.()时间状语从句原因状语从句条件状语从句找出状语Hebeganwritingwhenhewaseleven.ABCDTherewasabigsmileonherface.ABCD用来补充说明宾语的情况宾语补足语Weelectedhimourmonitor.Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.注意点某些及物动词的宾