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１被动语态PassiveVoice一、被动语态的构成动词语态是动词的一种特殊形式，表示句中主语和谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者或行为的对象。谓语动词为主动语态的叫主动句，为被动语态的叫被动句。1.被动语态的基本构成形式体时一般进行完成现在过去将来过去将来时：should/wouldbedonewas\weregoingtobedonewas\wereabouttobedonewas\weretobetodone过去将来完成时：should/wouldhavebeendone2.含情态动词的被动语态情态动词+be+过去分词练习：1)Visitors___________(request)nottotouchtheexhibits.2)Allthepreparationsforthetask_______________(complete),andwe'rereadytostart.3)Look,anewcinema_____________(build)herenow．4)I_____________(give)tenminutestodecidewhetherIshouldrejecttheoffer.5)Bytheendoflastyear,anothernewgymnasium______________(complete)inBeijing.6)Ameeting___________________(hold)whenIwasthere.7)Hundredsofjob_____________(lose)ifthefactorycloses.8)Thenews____________________(send)tothesoldier'smotherassoonasitarrived.9)Theproject____________________(complete)beforeJuly.10）Hetoldmethathisnewclothes____________________(make)verysoon.11）Thebaby____________________(takecareof)bythebaby-sitter.应该由保姆照顾2.被动语态的特殊结构形式二.主动语态与被动语态的转换1.主+谓+宾结构：RowlingwroteHarryPotter.___________________________________________.Thegovernmentsupportedtheresearch._____________________________________.Noonehaseverbeatenherattennis.________________________________________.Wedidn’tnoticeanythingspecialinhiswork.__________________________________.２2.主+谓+间宾+直宾：Hismothergavehimapresentforhisbirthday._____________________________________________.Myuncleboughtmeanewcomputer._____________________________________________________.______________________________________________________.Ourteacherofferedusmanysuggestionstoreducepressure._____________________________________.__________________________________________.注意:加to或者forShetoldmewhentheprojectwouldstart.______________________________________.3.主+谓+宾+宾补：Peoplecallthisteamacheer-leadingsquad._____________________________________.注意：在使役动词have,make,let以及感官动词see,lookat,watch,notice,observe,hear,listento,feel,help等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。Someonesawastrangerwalkintothebuilding.__________________________________.4.含有begoingtodo和betodo等结构（be只有一般现在时和一般过去时）Wearegoingtodiscusstheproblematthemeeting.____________________________________________.TheyaretoshowthisnewfilmonTVnextweek._____________________________________________.5.表示“据说，相信，认为，期待”等动词后含有宾语从句的主动句变被动句，如；________________________________________________________。Weknowthatheisthebestdentistinthetown._______________________________________________.________________________________________________.重点拓展：Itissaidthat…据说,Itisreportedthat…据报道，Itisbelievedthat…大家相信，Itishopedthat…大家希望，Itiswellknownthat…众所周知，Itisthoughtthat…大家认为，Itissuggestedthat…据建议。6.祈使句变被动句肯定祈使句：let+宾语+be+done否定祈使句：don’tlet+宾语+be+done；let+宾语+not+be+doneMovethedesksintothepassage.____________________________________________.Don’tthrowrubbisheverywhere.____________________________________________.7.谓语为动词短语的情况：如“动词＋介词”，“动词＋副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。TheyhaveputoffthemeetingtillnextSaturday._________________________________.Whenwegottothecinema,ithadsoldoutallthetickets._______________________________________.8.双重被动结构：指句中谓语动词和其后的不定式均为被动结构，句子主语既是谓语动词的承受着又是不定式动作的承受者。Theyaskedustodiscusstheproblematonce._______________________________________________.____________________________________________________________________________________.Parentsoftenasktheirchildrentodotoomuchhomework.______________________________________._____________________________________________________________________________________.三、谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义1.不及物动词的主动语态表被动意义。（1）可用来表示主语内在“品质”“性能”的不及物动词：break，catch，clean，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash等，常与well/badly/easily/smoothly搭配。例Thiskindofclothwasheswell.注意：主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。试比较：Thedoorwon'tlock．（指门本身有毛病）３Thedoorwon'tbelocked．（指不会有人来锁门,指“门没有锁”是人的原因）（2）某些状态动词或不及物动词，在汉语中虽有被动意味，但英语中用主动形式，如：weigh，measure，cost，spread，last，happen，breakout，takeplace，consistof,comeout,comeabout,comeacross,getacross,runout,giveout,turnout等。Thiswallmeasures10meterslong.Thenewsthatafamoussingerwouldgiveashowspreadquickly.2.系动词的主动语态表被动：look，feel，smell，taste，sound，prove，remain，stay，appear。Themusicsoundscomfortable.Thisshirtfeelsmuchsofterthanthatone.四．非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义1.不定式的主动表被动a.在某些“形容词＋不定式”做表语或宾语补足语的结构中，句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。Thisproblemisdifficulttoworkout.b.动词不定式在名词后面作定语，不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时，又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系,不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。Ihavealotofthingstodothisafternoon．试比较：I’llgotothepostoffice.Doyouhavealettertobeposted?Withsomethingtobuy,shewenttomarket.Ihavealettertowrite.Shehassomethingtosay.c.在betodo结构中如rent,blame,let等仍用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。AmItoblame?Thehouseistolet.2.动名词的主动表被动。a.在need，want，require,deserve等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。Thehouseneedsrepairing（toberepaired）．这房子需要修理。b．形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，但不能跟动词不定式；而worthy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。3.介词in,on,under,outof等+名词构成介词短语表被动意义undercontrol（受控制）,undertreatment（在治疗中）,underrepair（在修理中）,underdiscussion（在讨论中）,underconstruction（在施工中）inthechargeof(在.....