动词不定式考点及练习

Grammar：TheInfinitive动词不定式B7，Unit1LivingwellToseeistobelieve.It’simportanttolearnEnglishwell.1.主语若不定式太长,往往用it作形式主语,不定式置后.Myjobtohelpthepatient.Yourtasktocleantheclassroom.isis2.表语Iwanttogohome.Theworkersdemandedtogetbetterpay.Ifounditnecessarytotalktohimagain.3宾语think/consider/find/feelit+adj.+todo常接动词不定式作宾语的动词有：want,agree,afford,attempt,choose,dare,decide,demand,deserve,determine,fail,expect,hate,hesitate,hope,intend,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,seem,tend,wish等。想一想：•哪些动词常跟doing作宾语？•哪些动词既可以跟todo作宾语也可以跟doing作宾语？Theteachertoldmetocleantheblackboard.Iexpectyoutogivemesomehelp.引导不定式作宾补的动词：warn,tell,allow,help,ask,force等+sbtodosth4.宾补四看watchseeobservenotice(1.)使役动词：三使letmakehave二听listentohear一感觉:feel(2.)感官动词有些动词跟不定式作宾语补足语时要省略掉toe.g.Imadehimdohiswork.Hewasmadetodohiswork(byme).注意(2.)help后面的“to”可省去e.g.Theyoftenhelpthegrandma(to)carrywater.(1.)在使役动词let,make,have和感官动词feel;hear,listento;watch,see,notice,observe等后面,不定式作宾语补足语时要省“to”（注:被动语态不能省to）(3)不定式用在介词but,except,besides后时,如果这些介词前有行为动词do的任何一种形式,那么介词后的不定式不带to,相反则带to.（前有do，后省to）Shecoulddonothingbutcry.Youhavenochoicebuttogo.Whatdoyouliketodobesidessleep?Ihavesomethingtosay.Hehasalotofhomeworktodo.Heislookingforaroomtolivein.Thereisnothingtoworryabout.5.定语(如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词,则不定式中要有介词.)请给我一支写字的笔.Pleasegivemeapentowritewith.Hespokeloudly(soas/inorder)tobeheard.(1.)表示目的:toinordertosoasto6作状语Hegotupearlytocatchthetrain.Icameheretoseeyou.(2.)表示原因:不定式可以用在作表语的形容词后作状语,sorry,surprised,happy,glad,eager,angry,right,wrong,rude,cruel,disappointed等。eg:I’mglad/pleasedtoseeyou.Weweresurprisedtohearthenews.(3.)结果状语:注意:不定式往往表示与主观愿望相反（出乎意料）的结果。Hehurriedtothestation,onlytofindthetrainhadleft.7.插入语•tobefrank,•tobehonest,•Tobeginwith,Totellthetruth,Idon’tagreewithyou.类似的结构归纳：•不定式可以充当些什么成分？1.作主语2.作表语4.作宾语补足语3.作宾语5.作定语6.作状语7.作插入语三、用法•1.Toloveandtobelovedisthegreatesthappinessonecanget.•2.Myambitionistobecomealawyer.•3.Myintentionistohelpyou.•4.Iamwritingthistotellyousomething.•5.Doyouhaveanythingtosay?•6.Itisterribletoseetheshipsinkingintothesea.•7.Ifeeldisappointedtohearthat.•8.Iplantogowithyou.•9.Someonewarnedyounottogothere.Martysays…2.ThenIstartedtogetweakerandweaker.1.Unfortunately,thedoctorsdon’tknowhowtomakemebetter,butIamveryoutgoingandhavelearnedtoadapttomydisability.3.Evenafterallthat,noonecouldgivemydiseaseanameanditisdifficulttoknowwhatthefutureholds.4.MyambitionistoworkforafirmthatdevelopscomputersoftwarewhenIgrowup.Martysays…Martysays…5.LastyearIinvented…andabigcompanyhasdecidedtobuyitfromme.6.Justacceptthemforwhotheyare,andgivethemencouragementtoliveasrichandfullalifeasyoudo.考点1：动名词和不定式做主、表的区别•动名词：抽象、经常性、已经发生•不定式：具体、一次性、将要发生。1.Hisfavoritesportsis_________(swim).2.Hisdreamis______(be)ateacher.3.WhathealwaysdoesonSundaysis______(shop).4._______(learn)aforeignlanguageisnoteasy.考点2：动词后面能跟不定式作宾语•1.Lucyplans____(start)herownfirmaftergraduation.•2.Don’tworry.Hewillagree____(help)you.•3.Pleaseremember______(lock)thedoorwhenyouleave.考点3：不定式做宾语补足语•Theteacheraskedus______(finish)exercise1.•Iwarnedyou_______(notgo)therealone.•Thegeneralorderhissoldiers____(fire).•Isawacar_______(hit)theoldmanyesterday.•Shewasmade______(believe)thatnomancanbetrusted.•Themanwasseen——（shoot）thewomanonthestreet.考点4：不定式作定语•1.改错：•Pleasegivemeapieceofpapertowrite.•2.Hewasthefirstone____(know)it.•3.Thereisenoughfood____(last)foramonth.考点5：不定式作状语•Thebuttonshouldbeeasy________(reach).•Hehurriedtotheairport,only_______(tell)thepopstarhadleft.Hefinishedreadingthenewspaper,_____(find)nothinginteresting.疑问词who,which,when,how,what等与不定式连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等。Hedidn’tknowwhattosay.(宾语)他不知道说什么。Howtosolvetheproblemisveryimportant.(主语)如何解决这个问题很重要。Myquestioniswhentostart.(表语)我的问题是什么时候开始。考点6、疑问词+不定式考点7.不定式的时态•todo•tohavedone•tobedoing•1.Itissaid/believed/reported/knownthatsb.…=Sb.issaid/believed/reported/knownto…2.Itseemsthatsb.…=sb.seemsto…3.sb.pretendto…..考点8：不定式的省略1.Myteacherwasmade_____histeachingbecauseofpoorhealth.A.givingupB.togiveupC.giveupD.givenup2.TheArcticisconsidered____thenorthernpartoftheAtlantic.A.havingbeenB.tohavebeenC.tobeD.being4.TheEmperororderedthewonderfulcloth_____forhimwithoutdelay.A.tohavewovenB.tobewovenC.tobeweavingD.toweave5.____lateintheafternoon,Bobturnedoffthealarm.A.HavingsleepB.SleepingC.SleepD.Tosleep6.—Thelightintheofficeisstillon.---Oh,Iforgot______.A.turningitoffB.turnitoffC.toturnitoffD.havingturneditoff8.---Whatdoyouthinkoftheschool?----Itisaverygood_____.•schooltostudyinB.schoolforchildrentostudyC.studyingschoolD.schooltostudy9.---Didyougetajob?---No,I___,butit’snouse.A.expectedB.triedtoC.managedtoD.planned10.Wefinditimpossibleforus___theworkaheadoftime.A.tobefinishedB.finishingC.beingfinishedD.tofinish11.---IusuallygotoShanghaibytrain.----Whynot___therebyboatforachange?A.totrytogoB.trygoingC.totrygoingD.trytogo12.___aliving,shehadtoworkfrommorningtillnight.A.TomakeB.MadeC.MakingD.Tohavemade13.Iwouldratherstarvetodeaththan___forfood.A.begB.beggingC.beggedD.tobeg14.Theboypretended___whenhisteacherentered.A.readingB.toreadC.tobereadingD.beingread15.Theboywantedtoridehisb