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China'sPoliciesandActionsforAddressingClimateChange（2013）TheNationalDevelopmentandReformCommissionThePeople’sRepublicofChina100% printed on recycled paperContentsForeword........................................................................................1I．StatusinAddressingClimateChange...................................3II.ImprovingTop-levelPlanning,SystemsandMechanisms..5(I)ImprovingManagementSystemsandWorkingMechanisms/5(II)StrengtheningStrategicStudiesandPlanFormulation/7(III)PromotingLegislationonClimateChange/8(IV)ImprovingRelevantPolicySystems/9III．MitigatingClimateChange...............................................10(I)AdjustingtheIndustrialStructure/11(II)OptimizingEnergyStructure/15(III)ConservingEnergyandImprovingEnergyEfficiency/18(IV)IncreasingForestCarbonSinks/23(V)ControllingEmissionsinOtherAreas/25IV.AdaptingtoClimateChange...............................................26(I)DisasterPreventionandMitigation/27(II)MonitoringandEarlyWarning/29(III)Agriculture/30(IV)WaterResources/31(V)CoastalAreasandEcosystem/33(VI)PublicHealth/34V．DevelopingLow-carbonPilotProjects...............................36(I)PromotingLow-carbonPilotProjectsinProvincesandCities/36(II)PushingForwardCarbonEmissionsTradingPilotPrograms/37(III)CarryingoutLow-carbonPilotProgramsinRelevantAreas/38VI.StrengtheningFoundationalCapacityBuilding................41(I)StrengtheningStatisticsandAccountingSystemsforGreenhouseGasEmissions/42(II)StrengtheningPolicyResearchandEducationalTraining/43(III)StrengtheningScientificResearchandDecisionMakingSupport/45VII.ParticipationoftheWholeSociety....................................47(I)EnhancingGovernmentGuidance/48(II)ExtensiveMediaPublicity/49(III)OrganizationInitiatives/50(IV)ProactiveParticipationbythePublic/52VIII.PlayingaConstructiveRoleinInternationalNegotiations.......................................................................................................53(I)ProactiveParticipationinInternationalNegotiationswithintheUNFramework/53(II)ExtensiveParticipationinRelatedInternationalDialogue/55(III)China'sBasicPositionattheWarsaw2013UNClimateChangeConference/57IX.EnhancingInternationalExchangesandCooperation.....59(I)DeepeningCooperationwithDevelopingCountries/60(II)StrengtheningCooperationwithDevelopedCountries/61(III)PromotingCooperationwithInternationalOrganizations/6320131ForewordChinaistheworld’slargestdevelopingcountrywithalargepopulation.Ithasanimbalancedregionaldevelopmentandisstillintheprocessofindustrializationandurbanization.In2012,China’spercapitagrossdomesticproduct(GDP)exceededUS$6,000,ranking87thintheworld.ThecurrentchallengesfacingChinaincludethetaskofdevelopingitseconomy,eradicatingpovertyandimprovingthepeople’slivelihoods,aswellasactivelytacklingclimatechange.China’sclimateiscomplexanditsecologicalenvironmentisfragile,whichmakesitveryvulnerabletotheadverseimpactsofclimatechange.Since2012,Chinahassufferedfromfrequentextremeweatherconditions.Manyareasinthesouthhaveexperiencedextremelyhightemperatures,andtherehavebeenincreasedurban,regionalandmountainfloods,landslidesandmudslides.Manytyphoonshavehitlandatthesametime,affectingabroadarea.Frequentstormsurgeshavecausedgreatdamage.ForthepastfourconsecutiveyearstherehavebeenmoderatetoseveredroughtsincentralandnorthwesternYunnanProvince,takingaheavytollonagricultureandpeople’slives.China’sPoliciesandActionsfor2AddressingClimateChangeThe18thCommunistPartyofChina(CPC)NationalCongress,heldinNovember2012,setforththatinthefaceofincreasingconstraintsonresources,severeenvironmentalpollutionandadeterioratingecosystem,itisessentialtoraiseourecologicalawarenessoftheneedtorespect,followandprotectnature.Wemustprioritizeecologicaldevelopmentandincorporateitintothe“fiveinone”arrangementforsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics,whichincludeseconomic,political,cultural,andsocialdevelopment,withafocusonpromotinggreen,cyclicalandlow-carbondevelopment.TheseactionswillincreasethestrategicpositionofcombatingclimatechangeinChina’soveralleconomicandsocialdevelopment.Since2012,inordertofulfillthecountry’sobjectivesandtasksinaddressingclimatechangeduringthe12thFive-YearPlanperiod,theChinesegovernmenthasbeenacceleratingthedevelopmentofmajorstrategicresearchandplanningandstrengtheningtop-leveldesign,andhastakenaseriesofactionstoaddressclimatechange,withpositiveresults.ChinacontinuestoplayapositiveandconstructiveroleininternationalclimatechangenegotiationsandhaspushedforpositiveoutcomesandinternationaldialoguesandcooperationattheDohaClimateChangeConference,therebymakingasignificantcontributiontoaddressingglobalclimatechange.20133ThisannualreporthasbeenissuedtoenableallpartiestofullyunderstandChina’sactionsandpoliciesonclimatechange,andtosetoutpositiveresultsachievedsince2012.I．StatusinAddressingClimateChangeAsinternationalconsensusonaddressingclimatechangecontinuestodeepenandChina’sstrengthincreases,Chinaisfacedwithanewsituationregardingtheclimatechangeissue.Fromaninternationalperspective,theinternationalcommunity’sscientificunderstandingofclimatech