高考英语情态动词六大要素高三英语课件

情态动词学习六要素一、注意情态动词的推测用法推测性情态动词共有三个，其用法见表情态动词含义适用句型适用句型可能，或许肯定句Must一定，必须肯定句Can/could可能，或许否定句，疑问句例1：--AreyoucomingtoJeff’sparty?--I’mnotsure.I____gototheconcertinstead.(NMET2000)A.mustB.wouldC.shouldD.might析：选D。I’mnotsure.的语境表明把握性不大，当然我去参加音乐演奏会的可能性就比较小了，故不用must应用might例2：--_____thenewsbetrue?—No,it_____betrue.A.Can,can’tB.May,can’tC.May,maynotD.Must,mustn’t析：选A。因为前半句是疑问句，后半句为否定句，两空都不能使用may/might和must，应而用can和can’t。二、了解情态动词的完成式用法（一）should/oughttohavedone本来应做而未做，表达遗憾感情色彩例1：ItoldSallyhowtogetthere,butperhapsI____forher.(NMET94)A.hadtowriteitoutB.musthavewrittenitoutC.shouldhavewrittenitoutD.oughttowriteitout析：选C。分析语境可知，口头上告知Sally如何去那里是不够的，所以我本应书面告知，却有没书面告知之，显得应使用should/oughttohavewritten表示遗憾之情。例2：Iwasreallyanxiousaboutyou,you_____homewithoutaword.(NMET2001)A.mustn’tleaveB.shouldn’thaveleftC.couldn’thaveleftD.needn’tleave析:选B。由语境可知，我真的为你担心，所以你不应该一句话不说就离开家，但实际上你确实这么做了，显然应填shouldn’t/oughttohaveleft，表示责备。（二）may/mighthavedone可能已做musthavedone一定已做can’thavedone不可能做例1：--Whereismypen?--I_____it.(NMET88)A.mightloseB.wouldn’thavelostC.shouldhavelostD.musthavelost例2：Thelightinhisroomisstillon,sohe_____tobed.A.mustn’thavegoneB.musthavegoneC.shouldn’thavegoneD.can’thavegone析：选D。由于他房间里的灯还亮着推测，他不可能已经上床睡觉了，应填can’thavegone。（三）couldhavedone指本来能做而实际未做，表达遗憾的感情色彩Youcouldatleasthavesentfivecards.你至少可以寄5张明信片的。四、熟悉情态动词委婉用法：could,would,might等情态动词均有委婉用法，它们不是过去式而是表示语气委婉、客气、礼貌，常用与疑问句，并多用于习惯表达，如wouldyouplease,wouldyoumind,wouldyouliketo等，might还可以用于肯定句表示推测，表示可能性小，might和could表示征求对方意见时，回答必须还成may,can.例1：--CouldIborrowyourdictionary?—Yes,ofcourseyou____.A.mightB.willC.canD.should析：选C。该句用can的委婉表达式could来征求对方意见，could和might通用，但回答时必须还成can或may，因此该题不选A.例2：____youmindmysmokinghere?A.ShouldBCouldC.MightD.Would析：选D。征求对方意见我是否在这儿吸烟，语气理应委婉，所以应选委婉的表达方式wouldyoumind…来征求对方意见。五、弄清情态动词的异化现象有些情态用于疑问句进行回答时，出现了异化现象，此时回答在某个角度不能继续使用该情态动词，而改用别的动词。例1：--MustIstartatonce?—No,you____.A.needn’tB.mustn’tC.can’tD.won’t析：A。由语境可知该答句表示“不必”，而mustn’t表示“不准、禁止”，不符合语境，显然应使用needn’t表示“不必”，但肯定句回答继续用must。例2：--NeedIhandinmyexercisebookatonce?—Yes,you_____.A.mustB.needC.canD.will析：选A。根据规定need用于一般疑问句作肯定回答应换成must,而作否定回答时，使用need的否定式needn’t。六、掌握征求意见情态动词的回答不少情态动词可用于疑问句征求对方意见，但人称上有时有特殊要求，请看下表：情态动词含义征求意见使用人称can/could可以各种人称may/might可以各种人称will/would愿意第二人称shall需要第一、第三人称must必须各种人称need需要各种人称例1：--_____ItellJohnaboutit?--No,youneedn’t.Ihavetoldhimalready.(NMET94)A.ShallB.WillC.CanD.May析：选A。从回答句“No,youneedn’t”的语境可知，问句征求对方意见，表示“需要”而且用语第一人称，要使用shall。例2：_____youpleasehelpmewithmyEnglish?A.WouldB.DoC.ShallD.Can析：A。次句表示追求对方意见，有“愿意”之意，而且又用于地二人称，应选用would。1.Aleft—luggageofficeisaplacewherebags____beleftforashorttime,especiallyatarailwaystation.A.shouldB.canC.mustD.will2.How___yousaythatyoureallyunderstandthewholestoryifyouhavecoveredonlypartofthearticle?A.canB.mustC.needD.may3.—Theroomissodirty._____wecleanit?--Ofcourse.A.WillB.ShallC.WouldD.DoBAB4.MyEnglish-Chinesedictionaryhasdisappeared.Who___havetakenit?A.shouldB.mustC.couldD.would5.—IsJohncomingbytrain?---Heshould,buthe____not.Helikesdrivinghiscar.A.mustB.canC.needD.may6.—Iheardtheywentskiinginthemountainslastwinter.--It____truebecausetherewaslittlesnowthere.A.maynotbeB.won’tbeC.could’tbeD.mustn’tbeCDC7.Ithasbeenannouncedthatcandidates_____remainintheirseatsuntilallthepaperhavebeencollected.A.canB.willC.mayD.shall8.—Ihearyou’vegotasetofvaluableAustraliancoins.___Ihavealook?--Yes,certainly.A.DoB.MayC.ShallD.Should9.Oh,I’mfeelingwellinthestomach,I____somuchfriedchickenjusfnow.A.shouldn’teatB.mustn’thaveeatenC.shouldn’thaveeatenD.mustn’teatDBC10.Iwasreallyanxiousaboutyou.You___homewithoutaword.A.mustn’tleaveB.shouldn’thaveleftC.couldn’thaveleftD.needn’tleave11.Youcan’timaginethatawell-behavedgentlemen___besorudetoalady.A.mightB.needC.shouldD.would12.—Writetomewhenyougethome.--__________.A.ImustB.IshouldC.IwillD.IcanBCC13.Mr.Bushisontimeforeverything.How___itbethathewaslatefortheopeningceremony?A.canB.shouldC.mayD.must14.—AreyoucomingtoJeff’sparty?--I’mnotsure.I___gototheconcertinstead.A.mustB.wouldC.shouldD.might15.MysistermethimattheGrandTheatreyesterdayafternoon,sohe___yourlecture.A.couldn’thaveattendedB.needn’thaveattendedC.mustn’thaveattendedD.shouldn’thaveattendedADA16.Sorry,I’mlate.I____haveturnedoffthealarmclockandgonebacktosleepagain.A.mightB.shouldC.canD.will17.Therewasalotoffunatyesterday’sparty.You___come,butwhydidn’tyou?A.musthaveB.shouldC.needhaveD.oughttohave18.—WhencanIcomeforthephotes?Ineedthemtomorrowafternoom.--They___bereadybyby12:00.A.canB.shouldC.mightD.needADB19.—IstayedatahotelwhileinNewYork.--Oh,didyou?You___withBarbara.A.couldhavestayedB.couldstayC.wouldstayD.musthavestayed20.Thefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquicklybuteveryone____getout.A.hadtoB.wouldC.wasabletoD.could21.Jack___yet,otherwisehewouldhavetelephonedme.A.mustn’thavearrivedB.shouldn’thavearrivedC.can’thavearrivedD.needn’thavearrivedACC22.Whenhewasthere,he___gotothatcoffeeshopatthecornerafterworkeveryday.A.wouldB.shouldC.hadbetterD.might23.Sir,you___besittinginthiswaitingroom.Itisforwomanandchildrenonly.A.oughtn’ttoB.can’tC.won’tD.needn’t24.It’snearlyseveno’clock.Jack___behereatany