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美国文学主要分为五个时期TheLiteratureinColonialPeriodTheLiteratureAroundtheRevolutionofIndependenceAmericanRomanticismAmericanRealismAmericanModernismEarlyColonialLiterature.1607-1700TheLiteratureofColonialAmericaPuritanThoughts:(TheMayflowervoyage1620)“Puritans”,namedafterthosewhowishedto“purify”thechurchofEngland.TheFirstAmericanWriter:CaptainJohnSmithAnneBradstreet:(1612-1672)OneofthemostimportantfiguresinthehistoryofAmericanLiterature.SheisconsideredbymanytobethefirstAmericanpoet.Herfirstcollectionofpoems–TheTenthMuseLatelySprungUpinAmerica–ThefirstbookwrittenbyawomantobepublishedintheUnitedStates.EdwardTaylor(1642-1729)?ThebestofthePuritanpoetsTHEEIGHTEENTHCENTURYTheliteratureofReasonAndRevolutionTheAgeofReasoninAmericaTheAgeofEnlightenmentThe18th-centuryAmericanEnlightenmentwasamovementmarkedbyanemphasisonrationalityratherthantradition,scientificinquiryinsteadofunquestioningreligiousdogma,andrepresentativegovernmentinplaceofmonarchy.Enlightenmentthinkersandwritersweredevotedtotheidealsofjustice,liberty,andequalityasthenaturalrightsofman.BenjaminFranklin(1706-1790)America'sfirstgreatmanofletters,HeembodiedtheEnlightenmentidealofhumanerationality.Hewasthefirstgreatself-mademaninAmerica.Franklin'sPoorRichard'sAlmanac,begunin1732andpublishedformanyyears,madeFranklinprosperousandwell-knownthroughoutthecolonies.Godhelpsthemthathelpthemselves.EarlytoBed,andearlytorise,makesaManhealthy,wealthy,andwise.OneTo-dayisworthtwotomorrow.TheAutobiographyofBenjaminFranklinisaninspiringaccountofapoorboy’srisetowealthandfameandthefulfillmentoftheAmericandream.Itisabookontheartofself-improvement.ThomasPaine(1737-1809)ThomasPaine'spamphletCommonSense(Jan.10,1776)soldover100,000copiesinthefirstthreemonthsofitspublication.CommonSenseisoftenregardedasthegreatestoftheRevolutionarypamphlet.TheAmericanCrisis(1776-1783)ThomasJefferson(1743-1826)TheDeclarationofIndependencePOETOFTHEAMERICANREVOLUTIONPhilipFreneau(1752-1832)“PoetoftheAmericanRevolution”“FatherofAmericanPoetry”Amonghisbestlyricsare“TheWildHoneySuckle”(1786)onmoralityand“TheIndiaBuryingGround”(1788)ontheimaginedafterlife.HebecameoneofthemostoutstandingrepresentativesofdawningnationalisminAmericanliterature.NoahWebster（1758-1843）1786:theindependenceofpoliticsaswellasliteratureSamuelJohnson-firstcombineanEnglishdictionary,lastneoclassicistenlightenerADictionaryoftheEnglishLanguageTheliteratureofRomanticism美国文学的第一次繁荣WashingtonIrving(1789-1859)FatherofAmericanliteratureThecentralfigureintheAmericanliteraryworldbetween1809andtheCivilWar,esp.afterthepublicationofhisSketchBook.ThefirstprosestylistofAmericanRomanticism–averygoodexampleofanAmericanromantic.Hewroteforpleasureandtoproducepleasure.HewasthefirstAmericanmanofletterstosupporthimselfasaprofessionalwriter.HewasthefirstAmericanauthortowininternationalrecognition,andwasextremepopularinEurope.TheSketchBookofGeoffryeCrayon(Irving‘spseudonym)containshistwobestrememberedstories,“RipVanWinkle（瑞普-凡-温克尔）andTheLegendofSleepyHollow.JamesFenimoreCooper(1789-1851)CooperwasthefirstimportantwritertobecriticaloftheUnitedSates.ThefirstsuccessfulAmericannovelistHestandsratherastheoriginatorofthenovelofadventureinAmericanliterature,andisfrequentlytermedtheAmericanScott.“TheLeather-StockingTalestheDeerslayer(1841)theLastoftheMohicans(1826),thePathfinder(1840),thePioneers(1823)ThePrairie(1823)TheLeather-StockingTalesisthelifeofNattyBumppo.NattyBumppo,Cooper'srenownedliterarycharacter,embodieshisvisionofthefrontiersmanasagentleman,aJeffersoniannaturalaristocrat.TheessentialAmericansoul–D.H.LawrenceThefirstAmericanheroofthistype.NattyisthefirstfamousfrontiersmaninAmericanliteratureandtheliteraryforerunnerofcountlesscowboyandbackwoodsheroes.WilliamCullenBryantfirstofourAmericanclassicpoetsOneofAmerica’searliestnaturalistpoetsTheAmericanWordsworthHewritesthepoemThanatopsisin1811.ToaWaterfowl.Thevaguenessandreligiousambiguitiesofthepoemwerethemajorthemes.EdgarAllanPoe(1809-1849)TheFalloftheHouseofUsherTheRavenAnnabelLeeToHellenThePurloinedLetter《被窃的信件》Thefirstliterarycritic–ThePhilosophyofCompositionThePoeticPrincipleGothicstyleFatherofDetectivenovelsThemes1.death–predominantthemeinPoe’swriting“Poeisnotinterestedinanythingalive.EverythinginPoe’swritingsisdead.”2.disintegration(separation)oflife3.horrorRalphWaldoEmerson(1803-1882)Thetoweringfigureofhisera,hadareligioussenseofmission.Hewasoneofthegreatestessayistsinthecountry.Nature(1836)hasbeencalled“themanifestoofAmericantranscendentalism”“TheAmericanScholar”(1837)hasbeencalled“America’sDeclarationofIntellectualIndependence”Self-RelianceHenryDavidThoreau(1817-1862)Thoreau'smasterpiece,Walden,orLifeintheWoods(1854),istheresultoftwoyears,twomonths,andtwodays(from1845to1847)hespentlivinginacabinhebuiltatWaldenPondonpropertyownedbyEmerson.Waldenisaspiritualbook.It’sseenasaclassicofAmericanprose,abookofessaysputtogether,exploringsubjectsconcernedwithNature,withthemeaningoflife,andwithmorality.NathanielHawthorne(1804-1864)ManyofHawthorne'sstoriesaresetinPuritanNewEngland.GothicnovelsHisgreatestnovel,TheScarlet