5.美国文学选读-课件Philip-Freneau

Lecture5TheRepresentativesofAmericanEnlightenment:PhilipFreneau(1752-1832)PhilipFreneau(1752-1832)“PoetoftheAmericanRevolution”“FatherofAmericanPoetry”“PioneeroftheNewRomanticism”“Agiftedandversatilelyricpoet”《美洲光辉的兴起》《夜之屋》《英国囚船》1.Works•“TheRisingGloryofAmerica”(1772)•“TheHouseofNight”(1779,1786)•“TheBritishPrisonShip”(1781)•“TotheMemoryoftheBraveAmericans”(1781)•“TheWildHoneySuckle”(1786)•“TheIndianBuryingGround”(1788)•“TheDyingIndian:TomoChequi”《纪念美国勇士》《野金银花》《印第安人墓地》《奄奄一息的印第安人：托姆·察吉》2.HisLife•HewasborninNewYork.•At16,heenteredtheCollegeofNewJersey(nowPrincetonUniversity).Hedecideddoapostgraduatestudyintheology.Buttwoyearslaterhegaveitup.(Whilestillanundergraduate,hewroteincollaborationwithoneofhisfriends(H.H.Brackenridge)apoementitled“TheRisingGloryofAmerica”.)•LaterheattendedtheWarofIndependence,andhewascapturedbyBritisharmyin1780.•Afterbeingreleased,hepublished“TheBritishPrisonShip”in1781.•Inthesameyear,hepublished“TotheMemoryoftheBraveAmericans”.•Afterwar,hesupportedJefferson,andcontributedgreatlytoAmericangovernment.•Butafter50yearsold,helivedinpoverty.Andatlasthediedinablizzard.•Hewasthemostsignificantpoetof18thcenturyAmerica.•Someofhisthemesandimagesanticipatedtheworksofsuch19thcenturyAmericanRomanticwritersasCooper,Emerson,PoeandMelville.ThematicConcern:•1.DeathandTransience•2.Imagination•3.Cravingfornatureandfreedom•HispoemspresentedRomanticspiritsbuthisformandtasteweremainlyinfluencedbyClassicism.TheWildHoneysuckle•ThispoemwaspublishedinhisPoems(1786)andwasvirtuallyunreadinthetimewhenhewasliving.•Thepoemissaidtoanticipatethenineteenth-centuryromanticuseofsimplenatureimagery.•Itisconsideredoneoftheauthor’sfinestnaturepoems.WhatisaHoneysuckle?•Honeysuckle:itisoneofthemostbeautifulofallwildflowersforitsscentandabilitytogrowindifficultplaces.•Growsonacidsoilsandoldmines,railwaytracksandisagoodherbaceousplant.Theflowersareshortlivedbutlovely,oftenfoundoncanalswhereitlikesthewaterthatisavailable.•忍冬花。俗称金银花。TheWildHoneySuckle:•Readthepoemonp.45andtrytogetthemainidea:Thefirststanza•Fairflower,thatdostsocomelygrow,•Hidinthissilent,dullretreat,•Untouchedthyhoneyedblossomsblow,•Unseenthylittlebranchesgreet:•Norovingfootshallcrushtheehere,•Nobusyhandprovokeatear.RhymeScheme（韵式）•1.Concept:Thearrangementofrhymesinapoemorstanza.•2.types:•1．endrhyme（尾韵）occursattheendofaline.•1）联韵：“aabb”型。•Ishotanarrowintotheair,a•Itfelltoearth,Iknewnotwherea•For,softlyitflew,thesightb•Couldnotfollowitinitsflight.b•HenryWadsworthLongfellow:TheArrowandtheSong2）交叉韵：abab型•Sunsetandeveningstar,a•Andoneclearcallforme!b•Andmaytherebenomoaningofthebar,a•WhenIputouttosea,b•AlfredTennyson(1809-1892):CrossingtheBar3）同韵：有的诗押韵，一韵到底，大多是在同一节诗中共用一个韵脚。•如下例就共用／i:p／为韵脚•Thewoodsarelovely,darkanddeep,ButIhavepromisestokeep,AndmilestogobeforeIsleep,AndmilestogobeforeIsleep.•RobertFrost(1874-1963):StoppingbyWoodsonaSnowyEveningWhatistheRhymeSchemeofTheWildHoneySuckle?•Grow-retreat-blow-greet-here-tear•a-b-a-b-c-cMetricalpattern(iambictetrameter)•Fairflower,thatdostsocomelygrow•﹀\﹀\﹀\﹀\•Hidinthissilent,dullretreat•﹀\﹀\﹀\﹀\•Untouchedthyhoneyedblossomsblow,•﹀\﹀\﹀\﹀\•Unseenthylittlebranchesgreet:•﹀\﹀\﹀\﹀\•Norovingfootshallcrushtheehere,﹀\﹀\﹀\﹀\•Nobusyhandprovokeatear.•﹀\﹀\﹀\﹀\•美好的花呀，你长得：这么秀丽，却藏身在这僻静沉闷的地方——甜美的花儿开了却没人亲昵，招展的小小枝梢也没人观赏；没游来荡去的脚来把你踩碎，没东攀西摘的手来催你落泪。•大自然把你打扮得一身洁白，她叫你避开庸俗粗鄙的目光，她布置下树荫把你护卫起来，又让潺潺的柔波淌过你身旁；你的夏天就这样静静地消逝，这时候你日见萎蔫终将安息。•那些难免消逝的美使我销魂，想起你未来的结局我就心疼，别的那些花儿也不比你幸运——虽开放在伊甸园中也已凋零，无情的寒霜再加秋风的威力，会叫这花朵消失得一无踪迹。•朝阳和晚露当初曾把你养育，让你这小小的生命来到世上，原来若乌有，就没什么可失去，因为你的死让你同先前一样；这来去之间不过是一个钟点——这就是脆弱的花享有的天年。TheWildHoneySuckle•“Thewildhoneysuckle”isPhilipPreneau’smostwidelyreadnaturallyricwiththethemeoftransience.Inthispoemthepoetexpressedakeenawarenessofthelovelinessandtransienceofnature.Henotonlymeditatedonmortalitybutalsocelebratednature.Itimpliesthatlifeanddeathareinevitablelawofnature.•thepoemshowedstrongfeelingsforthenaturalbeauty,whichwasthecharacteristicofromanticpoets.3.Whatlessonscanwedrawfromthepoem?•Thewildcanalsobebeautiful.•Everyoneshouldtakeanactiveattitudetowardlife.neveravoidchallengesforfearoflosingsomething.•Onecan’tachieveanythingundertheshelterandprotection.TheIndianBuryingGround•DeathintheIndiantraditionhasadifferentmeaning.Itisnolongerthatsadanddreadfuleventthateveryoneisafraidof.•TheNorthAmericanIndiansburytheirdeadinasittingposture;decoratingthecorpsewithwampum,theimagesofbirds,quadrupedsandwithbows,arrowsandothermilitaryweapons.•ThedeadIndianisdressedinspecialclothesasthoughcelebratingahappyevent.Thedeadpersonbecomesawarriorwhoprotectstheland.Thisexplainshispostureandthewayheisdressedin.Theconceptionofdeathinthisculturemakesofitadifferentonefromthewhiteman’s.•TheQueenofShebaAssignment:•ReadToaCaty-Didonp.49