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什么是定语？定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的单词、短语或句子，汉语中常用“……的”表示。单词作定语一般前置,句子或短语作定语则必须后置.句子作定语则叫定语从句.ablueseaahandsomeboyThemanwholivesnexttoussellsvegetables.Themanwholivesnexttoussellsvegetables.先行词放置于名词之_____，修饰名词的从句关系词连接作用1.2.在从句中充当成分后3.代替先行词关系词1.关系代词2.关系副词1.指人2.指物3.指某一情况thatwhowhomwhosethatwhichwhosewhichas不能放于句首放于句中或句首“正如”whenwherewhy(主语/宾语)(状语)定语从句的位置:1.紧跟在先行词的后面:YoumustdoeverythingthatIdo.IhavefoundthebookwhichIlost.IvisitedtheschoolwhereIstudied.2.定语从句后移/分隔式定语从句Thedaysaregonewhenpeoplesufferedalot.3.as引导的定语从句可前移Asweallknow,theearthisround.定语从句Jointhefollowingsentences:1.Aplaneisamachine.Themachinecanfly.Aplaneiscanfly.Aplaneiscanfly.amachinethemachineamachinethat/which关系代词实际上是先行词的复指,that/which代指先行词machine。Thinkandconclude1.意义：定语从句是用来修饰名词的句子.2.写法：①找出两个简单句的共有成分；②将从句中的共有成分去掉；③用关系词引导剩下的从句，并紧接在被修饰词之后．2.ThegirlisMary.Wesawheryesterday.ThegirlisMary.ThegirlisMary.wesawheryesterdaywho/thatwesawyesterday关系代词实际上是先行词的复指，who/that代指先行词thegirl。IprefertherobotcanplaytheguitarwhichtherobotTherobotb.Howtomakeit?1.Thecarwhichmyunclehadjustboughtwasdestroyedintheearthquake.2.ThisisthecitywhereIwasborn.定义：修饰名词或代词的从句。先行词：被定语从句修饰的词。关系词/连接词：连接主句和定语从句的连词。引导定语从句的连接词，一定要在从句中充当成分。定语从句:关系代词(作主语/宾语/表语):1.who/whom(that)2.which(that)3..that不能放在介词的后面4.whose=ofwhich或ofwhom5.as关系副词(作状语):1.where=介词+which2.when=介词+which3.why=for+which4.way的特殊用法thewayhelives.thathelives.inwhichhelives.关系词的作用:1)连接；2)代替先行词；3)在定从中作成分。一、关系代词1.Thenumberofpeople____losthomesreachedasmanyas250,000.A.whoB.whichC.whereD.whenA1.who作定从的主语/宾语指人作主语时不可省略指代先行词2.Theboy_____wesawyesterdaywasJohn'sbrother.A.whomB./C.whichD.whenAB2.whom作定从的宾语指人可省略指代先行词3.Spielbergwonaprizeforashortfilm_____hemade.A.whichB.whoC./D.whereAC3.which作定从的主语或宾语指物作宾语可省略指代先行词4.It'saboutabigshark____attacksswimmers___arespendingtheirholidaysinasmallvillage.A.whereB.whoC.thatD.whichE./4.that作定从的主语或宾语指物或人作宾语可省略指代先行词CDBC5.Spielberg,_____motherwasamusicteacher,wasbornin1946.A.whoB.whichC.whoseD.thatC5.whose作定从的定语指物或人不可省略指代先行词=sb's/sth'sIoncelivedinahouse____wasbroken.A.whoseroofB.whichroofC.ofwhichtheroofD.theroofofwhichACD5.whose＋n＝ofwhich/whomthe+n=the+n+ofwhich/whom她父母不想把女儿嫁给一个家境贫穷的男人。Herparentsdon'twanttomarrytheirdaughtertoaman_________ispoor.whosefamily=thefamilyofwhom=ofwhomthefamilytheroofofthehouseIstillremembertheday..=when(1)(2)onthedayIcamehere=onwhich我仍然记得（我来到这里的）那天。(1)我仍然记得这天。(2)在这天我来到这里。1.Doyouknowthedate___Lincolnwasborn?A.whichB.onwhichC.whenD.where1.whenBC作定从的时间状语指时间,在从句中表示在...时间=in/on...+which先行词为时间名词Thisisthehouse.lastyear.=inwhich=whereIlivedinthehouse(1)(2)就是这所（我去年住过的）房子。(1)就是这所房子。(2)我去年在这所房子住过。2.Thefarm_____wepickedcottonwas90kilometersaway.A.whenB.whereC.whyD.onwhichBD2.where作定从的地点状语指地点,在从句中表示在...地点=in/on...+which先行词为地点名词(situation,business,case,point,surroundings,environment,scene等为地点概念的名词)Hegaveareason.=forwhich=why(1)(2)forthereason.peoplelikemusic(1)他给了一个原因(2)因为这个原因人们喜欢音乐。他给了一个（人们喜欢音乐的）原因。3.Idon'tknowthereason____helooksunhappy.A.thatB.whyC.forwhichD./BC3.why作定从的原因状语指原因,在从句中表示因为...原因=forwhich先行词为reasonIdisapprovethereasons____hecameupwith.A.thatB.whyC.forwhichD./AD因此先行词虽然为reason,但如果连接词在从句中作主语或者宾语,则只能用that/which1.I’llneverforgetthedays______________weworkedtogether.2.I’llneverforgetthedays___________wespenttogether.3.IwenttotheplaceIworkedtenyearsago.4.Iwenttotheplace_____________Ivisitedtenyearsago.5.Thisisthereason_____________________hewaslate.6.Thisisthereason___________________hegaveus.when(which/that)where(which/that)why(that/which)几种易混的情况及物动词及物动词及物动词inwhichinwhichforwhich4.以way为先行词的定语从句问题。Idon'tliketheway____hetalkedtohismother.Idon'tliketheway____hechosetodoit.A.thatB.inwhichC./D.howABCACway方式，方法1.连接词如果在从句中作状语时,用that或者inwhich且可以略。2.连接词如果在从句作主语或宾语，用that或which指人指物主语宾语thatwhichwhowhom关系代词的用法关系代词在从句中可以：何时可以省略？指人指物主语宾语thatwhichwhowhom√√√√√√√√√√√√××××何时可以省略？做宾语时可以省略解题方法和技巧1.首先是确定关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中作什么成分。若是作主语、宾语，则在关系代词中选择。若是作状语，则在关系副词中选择。2.其次是看先行词是人还是物；是时间、地点还是reason,way。1.ShelookedatJeff___waswavinghisarms.2.Thegirl____legwasbrokenintheearthquakewastakentohospital.3.Andthereshesawawallofwater___wasquicklyadvancingtowardsher.A.whoB.thatC.whoseD.which1、判断关系词在定从中的成分是关键；2、再看先行词。ABCBD3.whose引导定语从句，先行词既可是人也可以是物，whose在从句中作定语：whose+n=the+n.+of+which/whom.=ofwhich/whom+the+n.Pleaseshowmethebookwhosecoverisblack.请把封面是黑色的书拿给我看看。=Pleaseshowmethebook____________________________isblack．Thisisthescientistwhosenameisknownallovertheworld.=Thisisthescientist____________________isknownallovertheworld.=thenameofwhomofwhomthenamethecoverofwhich=ofwhichthecover定语从句使用中的特殊情况一、只能用that的情况：1.先行词既有物又有人时。Hespokeofthepersonsandthingsthathehadseenabroad.2.先行词something,anything,everything，all,nothing等不定代词时或被修饰时。IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?3.当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.ThisisthefirstplacethatIvisitedlasttime.定语从句使用中的特殊情况４.在疑问词who、which、what开头的句子中。Whoisthemanthatisspeakingoverthere?５.关系代词在从句中作表语时。Heisnolongertheboythathewas10yearsago.６．当先行词前有all,thevery,theonly,thejust修饰时Thisthevery(正好，恰好)pursethatyoulost.二、不用that的情况：1.介词后指代人用whom,指物用which.不用关系词that。Iheardoftheman,aboutwhomhetalked.Doyoulikethebookf