动词专题复习A、考点:一、七种时态(过去、现在、将来?一般、进行还是完成?)一般现在时(及被动语态)现在进行时现在完成时一般将来时(及被动语态)一般过去时(及被动语态)过去进行时过去将来时[过去完成时(不单独考察,但阅读理解会有)]1、动词时态(1)一般现在时表示现在经常做的事,习惯性动作,现在的状态,或者客观真理。注意动词的第三人称单数形式。(2)现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作。构成:am,is,are+现在分词(动词的ing形式)(3)现在完成时。结构:have/has+过去分词现在完成时的两个含义:①过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的结果或影响。(着重现在的结果。)②现在完成时表示过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。用延续性动词。(4)一般将来时表示从现在看将要发生的事(将会怎么样),或计划打算做某事。结构:will+动词原形,begoingto+动词原形(5)一般过去时表示过去发生的动作。动词要用过去式。(6)过去进行时指过去某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作,也表示一个动作进行时,另一个动作突然发生,或者一个动作发生时,另一个动作正在进行。结构:was/were+现在分词(动词的ing形式)(7)过去将来时是指从过去的某一时间看,将要发生的事,或某人说过他要干什么。结构:would+动词原形(8)过去完成时是指到过去的某个时间为止已经完成的动作,或者指过去的某个时间之前已经发生或完成的动作(过去的过去)。结构:had+过去分词。2、时态一致原则:(1)在宾语从句中,如果主句是现在时,从句的动词可根据意义,用所需的任何时态。(2)在宾语从句中,如果主句是过去时,从句的时态一般要用过去的某个时态(客观真理除外)。在宾语从句中,如果主句是过去时,从句的动作发生在主句动作之前,要用过去完成时(过去的过去)。在宾语从句中,如果主句是过去时,从句的动作发生在主句动作之后,要用过去将来时:would+动词原形(3)在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中(或在让步状语从句中),如果主句是一般将来时(或祈使句,或含情态动词can,may,must),从句要用一般现在时表示将来。二、动词形式(1)原形(除“一般现在时的第三人称单数”外的一般现在时、祈使句、不带to的动词不定式,助动词will/won’t/do/don’t/does/doesn’t/did/didn’t等后接动词原形,情态动词+动词原形等)(2)带to的动词不定式(to+动词原形)(3)动词的-s形式(用于一般现在时的第三人称单数)(4)动词的ing形式(动名词,现在分词)(5)过去式(用于一般过去时)(6)过去分词(构成完成时和被动语态)1、动词原形(1)一般现在时除单三形式都用原形。(2)祈使句:动词原形开头,可加please,let。否定祈使句Don’t+动词原形(3)助动词do,does,did帮助构成疑问句后用动词原形,don’t,doesn’t,didn’t,will,won’t+动词原形(4)情态动词can,could,can’t,couldn’t,may,must,mustn’t,should等+动词原形(5)hadbetterdosth,hadbetternotdosth.(6)whynotdosth?(7)wouldyoupleasedosth?wouldyoupleasenotdosth?(8)prefertodosthratherthandosthelse(9)不带to的动词不定式使役动词let,have,makesb.dosth(改为被动语态要加to)感官动词…see,hear,watch,feel,notice(注意到)sb.dosth.(改为被动语态要加to)(看到,听到,感到,注意到某人做了某事)注意:…see,hear,watch,noticesb.doingsth(看到,听到,感到,注意到某人正在做某事)2、带to的不定式动词不定式的否定Mothertoldmenottogooutaloneatnight.跟动词不定式的动词want(sb)todosthask(sb)todosth.tell(sb)todosth.seemtodo(be)…wishtodosthhopetodosthagreetodosthexpect(sb)todosthrefusetodosthdecidetodosthmakeadecisiontodosthaffordtodosthhaveenough…todosthlearntodosthtrytodosthfailtodosthfindsb.tobe..动词不定式作定语Let’sgetsomethingdelicioustoeat.It’sone’sdutytodosth.waitforone’sturntodosth.动词不定式表目的usesth.todosthbeusedtodosthdo(try)one’sbesttodosthHeflewtoBeijingtospendhisholiday.Hecametogiveusatalkyesterday.…形容词+动词不定式be…enoughtodosthbeafraidtodosthbesorrytodobegladtodoBecarefultodosthIt’s…(forsb.)todosth.It’s…(ofsb.)todosth.too…to…结构…疑问词+动词不定式wheretogo,whattodo,howtodoit,howtoanswerthequestion下面的半情态动词含tousedtodosthwouldliketodosthbeabletodosthhavetodosth3、动词的-ing形式-----动名词动名词做主语Travelingbyairisveryexciting.Takingcareofourenvironmentisveryimportant.动名词做宾语keepdoingsth.practisedoingsthenjoydoingsthfinishdoingsthbeworthdoingsthgiveupdoingsthkeepondoingsthcarryondoingsthfeellikedoingsth介词+动名词作宾语begoodatdoingsthdowellindoingsthinsteadofdoingsthstopsb.(from)doingsthpreventsb.(from)doingsthkeepsb.fromdoingsth(阻止某人做某事)keepsb.doingsth(使某人不断做某事)4、既可以跟动词不定式又可以跟动名词的动词like,love,hate(恨,讨厌),begin,start5、下列动词跟动词不定式和跟动名词意思不同rememberdoingsth记得做了remembertodosth记着要做forgetdoingsth忘记做过了forgettodosth忘了要做stopdoingsth停止做某事stoptodosth停下来做另一件事goondoingsth继续做goontodosth接下来做6、动词的-ing形式------现在分词现在分词表伴随动作bebusydoingsthBeethovenworkedallnightwritingdownthenewpieceofmusic.…friendsgettogetherandgofromhousetohousesingingChristmassongs.现在分词用于进行时:现在进行时:am/is/are+现在分词过去进行时:was/were+现在分词7、过去分词(规则变化+ed,不规则变化)过去分词构成完成时、被动语态现在完成时:have/has+过去分词被动语态一般现在时:am,is,are+过去分词一般过去时:was,were+过去分词一般将来时:willbe+过去分词含情态动词:can/may/mustbe+过去分词B、做题方法:1、根据上下文和关键词(信号词)判断时态。2、注意动名词、不定式、原形3、注意单、复数4、想着被动语态04年真题AJimisalovelyboy,buthe81(have)abadmemory.LastSundaymorning.Tom82(play)inhisbedroomwhenhismotheraskedhim83(go)shopping.Shetoldhimnottoforgettobuysixoranges,teneggsandsomemeat.Mum,I84_(remember).Tomansweredwithasmile.Whenhe85(return)homeandsawhismother,hisfaceturnedred.Hesaid,Iamsorry,mum.Ihaveforgottentobuyorangesandmeat.Irememberedtobuytheeggs,butIdroppedfourofthem.haswasplayingtogowillremember/haverememberedreturnedBDearLiPing,Ihaven'theardfromyouforlong.Howareyou86(get)onwithyourwork?I87____(finish)theexamsalready.IthinkI88___(be)abletopassthem.NowIhavemuchtime89______(write)thislettertoyou.Atschoolweareoften90____(tell)thatChinaisabeautifulcountry.ThoughitisfarawayfromNewYork.I'dliketogothereoneday.Pleasewritebacksoon.havefinishedwillbetowritetold05年真题AA:MayI(81)________(speak)toSusan,please?B:Speaking.Isthatyou.Tom?A:Yes.itis.I’mgoingtoNewYorktomorrow.B.Oh,howluckyyouare!Howlong(82)_______you_______(stay)there?A:Twodays.Well,Susan,you(83)__________(be)thereseveraltimes.Canyoutellmesomethingaboutthecity?B:I’dloveto.Wecanhaveatalkthisevening.A:Why(84)________(notcome)overtodinneratmyhouseatfiveo’clock?Mymother(85)________(cook)forusnow.B:OK.Seeyouatfiveo’clock.A:Seeyou.speakhavestayedhavebeennotcomeiscookingBInEnglandnobodyundertheageofeighteen(86)_______(allow)todrinkinabar(酒吧).Everyone(87)______(know)itwell.ItwasJack’seighteenthbirthdayyesterday.Mr.Smith(88)_______(take)himtohisusualbarforthefirsttime.Theydrankforhalfanhour,andthenMr.Smithsaidtohisson,“Now,Jack,(89)_______(listen)tome.Youmustalwaysbecareful(90)__________(notdrink)toomuch.”“ButhowcanIknowIhavehadenough?”“Well,Iwillt