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人教版高中英语必修四（Book4Unit2)Unit2Workingtheland核心单词1.strugglev.挣扎；努力；拼搏；斗争n.(为争取自由、政治权利等而进行的)斗争，奋斗常用结构：strugglewith与……斗争strugglefor为争取……而斗争struggleagainst与……斗争；为反对……而斗争struggletodosth.(=makegreateffortstodosth.)努力做某事struggletoone'sfeet挣扎着站起来Shestruggledtokeepbackthetears.她努力忍住泪水。Itwasahardstruggletogetmyworkdoneontime.为使工作按时完成,我做了一番努力。易混辨析struggle/fightstruggle指较长时间的、激烈的斗争，往往指肉体及精神上的战斗。fight意为搏斗，打斗，打架，表示斗争时，包含体力和勇猛的因素。(1)单项填空Theworkingpeoplehaveneverstoppedtheirstruggle_______________unfairtreatment.A.againstB.forC.fromD.to解析：选A。struggleagainst意为同……作斗争；strugglefor意为为了……而斗争。(2)完成句子①我们应当帮助那些仍在为独立而斗争的人们。Weshouldhelpthosewhoarestillstrugglingforindependence.②他们得和各种各样的困难作斗争。Theyhadtostrugglewith/againstallkindsofdifficulties(3)根据括号内的汉语提示补全下面句子。1.Althoughhewasterriblyinjured,hedidn’tgiveup_______________(求生的努力).2.Isawtheshopkeeper_______________(与那窃贼搏斗起来了).3.Wemust_______________(与困难作斗争).4.Don’t_______________(努力控制你的感情).答案：1.thestruggleforlife2.strugglewiththethief3.struggleagainst/withdifficulties4.struggletocontrolyourfeelings2.expandv.扩大；扩展；增加；增长；（使）膨胀；阐述；使变大常用结构：expand...into...将……扩展/发展成……expandon阐述；详谈Heisthinkingofexpandinghisbusiness.他在正考虑扩大他的生意。Intenyearsthecity'spopulationexpandedby12%.十年之中,该市人口增加了百分之十二。联想拓展expansionn.展开；膨胀；扩展expansiveadj.广阔的；易膨胀的易混辨析expand/extend/spread/stretchexpand意为展开，扩大，不仅指尺寸的增加，还可指范围和体积的扩大。extend意为伸出，延伸，指空间范围的扩大，以及长度，宽度的向外延伸，也可指时间的延长。spread意为传播；蔓延；铺开。一般指向四面八方扩大传播的范围，如传播（疾病），散布（信息）等。stretch意为伸展(身体等)，拉长；连绵，一般指由曲变直，由短变长的伸展，不是加长。选词填空（expend/extend/spread/stretch）①Thefiresoon_______________tothenearbyhouses.②Thetouristseason_______________fromMaytillOctober.③Aballoon_______________whenitisblownup.④Thecat_______________outinfrontofthefire.答案:①spread②extends③expands④stretched3.equipvt.&vi.配备；装备常用结构：equipsb./sth.with用……武装某人；用……装备某物equipsb./sth.for为……而武装某人；为……而装备某物apieceofofficeequipment一件办公设备Theyequippedthemselvesfortheexpedition.他们为远征准备装备。Agoodeducationshouldequipyouforlife.良好的教育能使你受用终生。(1)单项填空Allclassesofthisschoolare_______________withmodern_______________.A.equipped;equipmentB.equipped;equipmentsC.equipping;equipmentsD.equipping;equipment解析：选A。equip...with...意为用……装备……，被动形式为beequippedwith。第二空equipment意为装备；设备，是不可数名词。(2)完成句子①Thesoldierswerewell_______________(装备)weapons.②Thislibrary_______________(为……而装备)atomicresearch.③Ourclassroom_______________(装备有)acomputerandataperecorder.(2)①equippedwith②isequippedfor③isequippedwith4.regretvt.&vi.后悔；遗憾n.遗憾；懊悔常用结构：regretdoing=regrethavingdone=regrettohavedone后悔做了某事regrettodo遗憾将要做某事regrettosay/tell/inform遗憾地说/告诉/通知muchtoone'sregret深感遗憾withregret遗憾地Tomregrettedtellinghisparentsthething.汤姆后悔告诉了父母那件事。Iregrettedtotellyouyouhadn'tpassedthedrivingtest.我很遗憾地告诉你你没有通过驾驶考试。Hetoldmewithregretthathecouldn'tcometotheparty.他很抱歉地对我说他不能参加这个聚会了。Hegaveupteachingin1998,muchtohisstudents'regret.他于1998年放弃了教学，这使他的学生很遗憾。(1)单项填空Theyfailedtopasstheexamlasttime.Iregretted_______________them.A.tobenotabletohelpB.notbeingabletohelpC.beingnotabletohelpD.notbeabletohelp解析：选B。考查regretdoing这一结构的用法。本空表达对过去发生的事情感到遗憾，同时还考查了动名词的否定形式notdoing。(2)用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空①Inowregret_______________(leave)schoolsoyoung.②Iregret_______________(inform)youthatyourcontractwillnotberenewed.(3)完成句子_______________(我非常抱歉),Iamunabletoacceptyourinvitation.(2)①leaving②toinform(3)Muchtomyregret/Tomygreatregret(4)翻译下面句子。1.我很遗憾地告诉你，你没通过考试。Iregrettotellyouthatyoufailed/didn’tpassthetest.2.汤姆后悔把事件的真相告诉了他母亲。Tomregretstelling/havingtold/thathehastoldthetruthofthemattertohismother.3.令我感到遗憾的是，三年前我和她失去了联系。Tomyregret,Ilosttouchwithherthreeyearsago.5.reducevt.减少；缩小；降低；使……陷入某种更糟的状态Heistryingtoreduceexpenses.他正试图减少开支。Wemustgraduallyreducethewagegap.我们必须逐步缩小工资差距。常用结构：reducesth.to...减少到……reducesth.by...减少了……bereducedto沦落为……Theshopkeeperreducedthepriceby＄10.店主把价格降了10美元。Thepoorboyisreducedtobegging.那个可怜的孩子已沦为乞丐。完成句子①她的体重减少了5公斤。Shereducedherweightby5kilos.②炸弹爆炸使得该城市化为废墟。Thebombsreducedthecitytoruins.6.commentvi.&vt.表达意见；作出评论n.［C&U］评论；议论常用结构：commenton/aboutsth./sb.对某事/某人进行评论makecomments/nocommentonsth./sb.对某事/某人进行评论/不进行评论Thescandalcausedalotofcomment.这件丑闻遭到很多议论。Willyouresign,Minister?Nocomment!部长，您是要辞职吗?无可奉告。(1)用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空Doyouhaveanycomments_______________(make)ontherecentdevelopments?tomake(2)完成句子①Askedaboutthedateoftheelection,thePrimeMinister_______________(发表意见)nodecisionhadyetbeenmade.②Shewasaskedaboutthepayincreasebut_______________(不进行评论)onit.①commentedthat②madenocomment重点短语7.thanksto由于；多亏（有时用作反语）;因为Thankstoyourhelp,weweresuccessful.由于你的帮助，我们成功了。Thankstoyou,Iwassavedfromdrowning.多亏你，我才没被淹死。Thankstothebadweather,thematchhadbeencancelled.多亏了这倒霉的天气，比赛被取消了。（反语）联想拓展表示因为，由于的短语还有：becauseof，owingto，onaccountof，dueto，asaresultofthanksto,becauseof,dueto和owingto的用法区别:thanksto有“幸亏;多亏;由于;因为”等意思,它引导的短语,可以表达正面意思(近似原意“感谢”),也可用于讽刺口吻中(近似讽刺口吻的“感谢”)。在句中用作状语时,大多放在句首或句中。Thankstoyourhelp,Ipassedthetest.幸亏有你的帮助,我测验及格了。becauseof“因为;由于”,在句中一般用作状语,可置于句首或句中。Becauseofillness,theboydidnotgotoschool.因为生病,这个男孩没有去上学。dueto“由于”,它引导的短语在句中一般用作表语或定语,但在很多场合,可与owingto通用,作状语。Hewasinjureddueto(owingto)acaraccident.由于一起汽车事故他受了伤。owingto“由于;因为”,在句中通常作状语,可置于句首或句中。注意:owing