冷战的影响.

TheeffectsoftheColdWarThehappeningofthecoldwarwasformedbythejointactionunderavarietyoffactors,itsinfluencealsoextendedtoallaspects.Comparedtothehotwar,coldwarismoreimpressed.So,theimpactisworthlearning.AtthattimeCountriesandInternationalsituationConferencesGoonLegacyofgriefandopportunitiesTechnologicallegaciesEconomiclegaciesCulturallegaciesEnlightenmentOfthecurrentsituationWhatwecanlearnWhatIwilltalkaboutAtthattime:CountriesandInternationalsituation•Advantages:(1)Undertheenvironmentofthecoldwar,theUnitedStatesandtheSovietUnionwasnecktoneck,makingtheworldunderadevastatingnuclearthreat,butinnearlyhalfacenturyavoidingthenewworldwar.(2)Thecountriesofdifferentsocialsystemsinthelong-termcoexistencelearnedexperienceandlessonfromeachother,andusedforinternaladjustmentandreform,promotingtheoveralldevelopmentoftheworld.(3)Inthefaceofthebipolarstructureconfrontationsituation,thedevelopingcountriesofAsia,AfricaandLatinAmericaconstitutedthenon-alignedmovement(groupof77，七十七国集团),andgraduallygrow,becomingthethirdworld.(4)Itcontributedtotheformationofworldmulti-polarization,alsopromotedthedevelopmentofthethirdrevolutionofscienceandtechnology.•Disadvantages:(1)Betweenthelong-termconfrontation,bothsidesoftheUnitedStatesandtheSovietUnion,eastandwestofthecoldwar,hinderedtheintegrativedevelopmentoftheworld.WesternEuropereliedontheUnitedStates,easternEuropedependedonthesituationoftheSovietUnion.Theworldwasdividedintotwoparts.ItalsocontributedtothedivisionofGermany,Koreaandothercountries,andcausedthelocalwar.(2)Tocompeteforspheresofpower,thetwocountriestrampledtheinternationallaw,interferedintheinternalaffairsofothercountries,evenfightedaggressively,whichdamagedseriouslytotheworldpeace.(3)TheUnitedStatesandtheSovietUnionusedawrongwayofthinkingandmethodtodealwiththecountries'internationalrelations.Atthattime:ConferencesInordertocopewiththesituation,thedevelopingcountriestaketheinitiativetolauncha“non-alignedmovement”.Asian-AfricanConference（万隆会议）proposed“peace,friendshipandcooperation”ofthetenprinciples.Toacertainextent,itprotectedtheemergingnationalindependence,nationalsovereigntyandeconomicinterests.OnSeptember1,1961,25non-alignedcountriesattendedthefirstformalmeetinginBelgrade.Earlypostwar,internationalwasformingtwomilitarygroupsheadedbytheUnitedStatesandtheSovietUnion.Somesmallandmedium-sizedcountries,especiallythenewlyindependentcountries,pursuesanindependentandpeacefulneutralandnon-alignedforeignpolicy,togetridofthepowercontrol.InJuly,1956,Tito（铁托）,Nehru(尼赫鲁)andnasser(纳赛尔）,madethenon-alignedclaim,thennegotiatedwithsukarno（苏加诺）,nkrumah（恩克鲁玛）,whichlayafoundationforthenon-alignedcountriestoengageininternationalcooperation.Goon:Legacyofgriefandopportunities•TechnologicallegaciesNuclearlegaciesfromtheColdWarbenefitsalotinthecarefullymanagedapplicationofradiationandothernuclearprocesses,suchastheapplicationofnewtechnologiesinnuclearweapon,radiationinmedicaltreatment.Improvementinenvironmentalremediation,industrialproduction,scienceandtechnologywerealsoremarkable.Butthereweredarkclouds.Potentialinsecuritythreatenednationsandinternationalrelationships.Nuclearweaponsplayedanimportantroleinprotectingandstabilizingthosepowerswhoownthat.However,itbroughtmanydisadvantagesatthesametime.ThebombingstoHiroshima（广岛）andNagasaki（长崎）causedlarge-scaledestructionthroughintenseblastandfire,aswellassevereandlastingradiation.Moreover,peopleinvolvedintheresearchofnuclearweapons,suchasthescientists,techniciansandmilitarypersonnel,wereexposedtotheradiation,whichgeneratedseriousimpactonthem.Severalsignificantaccidentshappenedatnuclearreactorsorfacilities,theleakedradiationcausingdirectfatalitiestotheprofessionalsinvolvedandthepublic.Moreover,althoughtheColdWarhasended,domesticbasingandoverseasdeploymentofnuclearweaponsarestillthere.Moreover,thenuclear-weaponstatesremaininvariousreducedbutpalpableconditionsofdefensivealert.Worseisthatdeliberate,accidental,orunauthorizednucleardevastationremains,andterroristsandhackerscontinuetointerferewithnuclearstabilityandconfidenceinit.•EconomiclegaciesTheSovietUnioncollapsedpartlyduetoeconomicweaknesses.Afterit‟sfallingapart,worldiswidelyconsideredasunipolar,theUnitedStatesremainingthesolesuperpowerColdWarwasahugeproblemplacedonmanyeconomies.Financialobligationsavoidfurtherdislocationsinthetransitionfromawartimefootingtoapeacetimeenvironment.Nationalmilitaryestablishmentsandallianceshadtobereset.Highlydependentinstitutionalframeworksweretoberestructured,andnewobligationswereacquiredbynationsthatwereoncebystanderstotheEast-Westconfrontation.InthewakeoftheColdWar,freedornewly_foundednationsinheritedexpenses,commitments,andresourcesforwhichtheywerenotprepared.Somealsofoundthemselvesundermodernnational-securityburdensandwithsubstantialenvironmentalcontaminationlegacies.Everythingneedstobefinancedwhenneworrevisedcivilianeconomyhadtobeinstituted.Sincethesuperpowerscarriedmuchoftheconfrontationalburden,bothRussiaandtheUnitedStatesendedupwithsubstantialeconomicliabilities.•CulturalLegaciesInColdWar,popularcultureincludingmusi