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大多数形容词（性质形容词）和副词有比较级和最高级的变化，即原级、比较级和最高级，用来表示事物的等级差别。原级即形容词的原形，比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。1)规则变化单音节词和少数双音节词，加词尾-er，-est来构成比较级和最高级。构成法原级比较级最高级一般单音节词tall(高的)tallertallest未尾加-er,-estgreat(巨大的)greatergreatest以不发音的e结尾nice(好的)nicernicest的单音词和少数large(大的)largerlargest以-le结尾的双able（有能力的)ablerablest音节词只加-r,-st以一个辅音字母big(大的)biggerbiggest结尾的闭音节单hot热的)hotterhottest音节词，双写结尾的辅音字母，再加-er，-est以辅音字母+yeasy(容易的)easiereasiest结尾的双音节词，busy(忙的)busierbusiest改y为i，再加-er，-est少数以-er，-owclever(聪明的)cleverercleverest结尾的双音节词narrow(窄的)narrowernarrowest未尾加-er，-est其他双音节词和important(重要的)多音节词，在前moreimportant面加more，mostmostimportant来构成比较级和easily(容易地)最高级。moreeasilymosteasily2)不规则变化原级比较级最高级good(好的)/betterbestwell(健康的)bad(坏的)/worseworstill(有病的)old(老的)older/elderoldest/eldestmuch/many(多的)moremostlittle(少的)lessleastfar(远的)farther/furtherfarthest/furthestas+形容词或副词原级+as1）在否定句或疑问句中可用so…as。Hecannotrunso/asfastasyou.2）当as…as中间有名词时采用以下格式。as+形容词+a+单数名词as+many/much+名词Thisisasgoodanexampleastheotheris.Icancarryasmuchpaperasyoucan..3）用表示倍数的词或其他程度副词做修饰语时，放在as的前面。Thisroomistwiceasbigasthatone.Yourroomisthesamesizeasmine.4)倍数+as+adj.+as=倍数+then+ofThisbridgeisthreetimesaslongasthatone.Thisbridgeisthreetimesthelengthofthatone.Yourroomistwiceaslargeasmine.Yourroomistwicethesizeofmine.比较级形容词或副词+thanYouaretallerthanI.Theylightsinyourroomareasbrightasthoseinmine.注意：1）要避免重复使用比较级。(错)Heismoreclevererthanhisbrother.(对)Heismorecleverthanhisbrother.(对)Heiscleverthanhisbrother.2）要避免将主语含在比较对象中。(错)ChinaislargerthatanycountryinAsia.(对)ChinaislargerthananyothercountriesinAsia.3）要注意对应句型，遵循前后一致的原则。ThepopulationofShanghaiislargerthanthatofBeijing.Itiseasiertomakeaplanthantocarryitout.4）要注意冠词的使用，后有名词的时候，前面才有可能有名词。比较：Whichislarge,CanadaorAustralia?Whichisthelargercountry,CanadaorAustralia?Sheistallerthanhertwosisters.Sheisthetallerofthetwosisters.可修饰比较级的词1）abit,alittle,rather,much,far,byfar,many,alot,lots,agreatdeal,any,still,even等2）还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语。3）以上词(除byfar)外，必须置于比较级形容词或副词的前面。典型例题:1）----Areyoufeeling____?----Yes，I'mfinenow.A.anywellB.anybetterC.quitegoodD.quitebetter答案：B.any可修饰比较级，quite修饰原级，well的比较级为better.2）Theexperimentwas____easierthanwehadexpected.A.moreB.muchmoreC.muchD.moremuch答案：C.much可修饰比较级，因此B，C都说得通，但easier本身已是比较级，不需more，因此C为正确答案。3）Iftherewerenoexaminations,weshouldhave___atschool.A.thehappiesttimeB.amorehappiertimeC.muchhappiesttimeD.amuchhappiertime答案：D。many,old和far1)如果后接名词时，muchmore+不可数名词manymore+可数名词复数2)old有两种比较级和最高级形式:older/oldest和elder/eldest。elder，eldest只用于兄弟姐妹的长幼关系。Myelderbrotherisanengineer.Maryistheeldestofthethreesisters.3)far有两种比较级，farther，further.在英语中两者都可指距离。在美语中，father表示距离，further表示进一步。Ihavenothingfurthertosay.the+最高级+比较范围1)TheSaharaisthebiggestdesertintheworld.形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词the，副词最高级前可不用。形容词most前面没有the，不表示最高级的含义，只表示非常。Itisamostimportantproblem.=Itisaveryimportantproblem.注意：使用最高级要注意将主语包括在比较范围内。(错)Tomisthetallestofhisthreebrothers.(对)Tomisthetallestofthethreebrothers.2)下列词可修饰最高级，byfar,far,much,mostly,almostThishatisnearly/almostthebiggest.注意：a.very可修饰最高级，但位置与much不同。Thisistheverybest.Thisismuchthebest.b.序数词通常只修饰最高级。Africaisthesecondlargestcontinent.3)句型转换：Mikeisthemostintelligentinhisclass.Mikeismoreintelligentthananyotherstudentsinhisclass.4)否定词语+比较级，否定词语+so…as结构表示最高级含义。Nothingissoeasyasthis.=Nothingiseasierthanthis.=Thisistheeasiestthing.和more有关的词组1)themore…themore…越……就越……Theharderyouwork，thegreaterprogressyou'llmake.2)moreBthanA与其说A不如说BlessAthanBHeismorelazythanslowathiswork.=Heislessslowthanlazyathiswork.3)nomore…than…与……一样……，不比……多TheofficialscouldseenomorethantheEmperor.noless…than…与……一样……Heisnolessdiligentthanyou.4)morethan不只是，非常Sheismorethankindtousall.典型例题1）TheweatherinChinaisdifferentfrom____.A.inAmericaB.oneinAmericaC.AmericaD.thatinAmerica答案：D.本题意为中国的天气比美国热。比较的是天气而不是国家，C不能选。A没有名词，后句成分不全，排除。B和D中，B中的one常用来代替可数名词，而that可车以代替不可数或抽象名词，所以选D。2）Afterthenewtechniquewasintroduced，thefactoryproduced___tractorsin1988astheyearbefore.A.astwicemanyB.asmanytwiceC.twiceasmanyD.twicemanyas答案C.此句意为这个厂1988能生产的拖拉机是往年的两倍。表示倍数用倍数+as+形容词原形+as+比较对象的句型。所以此句答案为C。Thisruleristhreetimesaslongasthatone.形容词和副词比较级、最高级练习题一、选择填空1.WhichdoesJimmylike_____,ChineseorArt?A.wellB.bestC.betterD.much2.TheChangjiangRiverisoneof_____intheworld.A.thelongestriverB.longestriversC.thelongestriversD.longerrivers3.Theboxis_________thanIwanted.A.bigerB.thebigerC.biggerD.thebigger4.Mymooncakeisnicer_____his.A.likeB.withC.forD.than5.Youarefatterthan_____.A.heB.hisC.himD.heistall6.Hejumps_____ofthethree.A.farB.furtherC.farthestD.furthest7.Myhairislongerthan_____.A.mysisterB.KateC.mybrother’sD.Lucy’s8.Thereare_____paperhere.Pleasebringsome.A.littleB.lessC.fewerD.alittle9.Thepenis_____thanthatone.A.morecheapB.cheapC.muchcheaperD.quitecheaper10.TomspeaksChinese_____betterthanJimmy.A.moreB.veryC.alotofD.much11.Thereare_____girlsinClassTwothaninClassFour.A.moreB.nicestC.mostD.best12.It’stoo_____foryoutodothat.A.easyB.moredangerousC.harderD.theeasiest13.Whohas_____applesnow,Jim,LilyorLucy?A.muchB.biggestC.betterD.themost14.Youhavemorerulersthanme.But_____arenicerthan_____.A.mine,yoursB.mine,yourC.my,yoursD.my,you