基于LabVIEW的车床噪声源识别虚拟仪器设计

华中科技大学硕士学位论文基于LabVIEW的车床噪声源识别虚拟仪器设计姓名：梁军鹏申请学位级别：硕士专业：机械电子工程指导教师：金建新20070128INILabVIEWCL6240LabVIEWIIAbstractTothecommonlathes,theirmaindrivepartsaregears,theheadstockgear-jogglingnoiseisthemainreasonwhichresultsthesoundpressuregoesbeyondthestandard.Notonlythetraditionalnoisemeasurementinstrumentsareveryexpensivebutalsotheyaretooprofessionalanddifficulttouseforsomeworkers.Formerly,somelathefactoriesdistinguishthegearwhichbringsthegreatestnoisedependontheworker’sears.Thepracticebearsoutthatnotonlyitsefficiencyisverylow,butalsoitisalwayswrong.So,itisveryexigenttofindaneconomical,fast,scientific,exactmethodtoidentifynoisesourceinthelathe.RecentlycomputertechnologydevelopsveryquicklyanditmakesVirtualInstrument(shortly:VI)technologyhasauniversalapplication.AroundhowtodesignaVItoidentifynoisesourceinthelathe,thisthesishavedonethefollowingworks:Firstly,onthebasisoflookinguptheconcernedtechnicalliteratureanddatabothdomesticandabroad,thisthesisstudieshowtoidentifynoisesourceinthelatheintheory.Italsoanalyzeswhatthebuildupofthelathenoiseisandhowthenoiseworks,anditalsocarriesouttheresearchaboutthemethodsandessentialprincipleofidentifyingthegearnoisesource.SecondlythisthesisintroducestheVItechnologytoperformthetestingwork.ThethesisdiscusseshowtochoosethehardwareandsoftwareofthisVI.Aboutthehardware,thethesisadvisesusingordinarymicrophoneassoundsensor,takesthesoundcardofthepersonalcomputerasthesimpleDAQ(DataAcquisition)card.Aboutthesoftware,thisthesissuggestsusingLabVIEWwhichissuedwidelyincomputeraidedtestfieldbytheAmericanNationalInstrumentsCorporationasthebasicsoftwareprogram.Itperformsagroupofprogramtocarryoutcollectingandstoringthenoisesignature,showingandtakingthepowerspectrumanalysisaboutitanddesignsafrontpanelforthisVI.Atlast,wecarryoutsomenoisetestsandanalysisontheCL6240saddlelatheusingthisVI.ThetestprocessprovesthatthisVIisfitfortestingandidentifyingnoisesourceinthelathe.Keyswords:Lathe,NoiseSourceIdentification,VirtualInstrument,LabVIEW“√”111.11.1.11.1.2[1][2]CL624012321500r/min5.5kW[3][4]21.2[5][6][7][5][8]1981[2]()[9][10]3(Rayleigh)[2][10]1.31.3.1(VirtualInstruments,VI)(NationalInstrumentsCorpNI)1986NI“”[11]LabVIEW()NIHPTektronixRacal80~100VIVI[9]VIGPIBPCVXI1997NIPXIVILabVIEWLabWindows/CVIHPVEE1998NI(InterchangeableVirtualInstrumentsIVI)(VirtualHardware,VH)VHIVX199884IVX[12][12]“”“”[9][13]1.3.21.3.2.1(1)(2)I/0I/0/I/0(DAQ)GPIBVXI1.1[11]5PC--DAQGPIBPXIVXII/O1.11.3.2.21VisualC++VisualBasicLabWindows/CVI2NILabVIEWHPVEEI/OI/O1.3.3[11~15](1)(2)(3)(4)VICANFieldBusPROFIBUSVI(ATS,AutomaticTestSystem)6(5)1.3.4[11][2][9][12]()1.4LabVIEW712NINationalInstrumentsLabVIEW7.1LabVIEW3CL6240LabVIEW83dBA83dBA822.12.1.12.1.1.1[6]PaP()cos()mPtptωθ=⋅⋅+2-1mpω2fωπ=[16]01()TavPptdtT=∫2-2rmsP201()TrmsPptdtT=∫2-32mrmspP=[16]2.1.1.2[6]I2Wm:2PIcρ=2-4I——(2Wm)P——(aP)9ρ——(3kgm)c——(m/s)cρ——(2kgms)2.1.1.312110w−×1w24WIRπ=⋅2-5I——R(2Wm)W——(W)R——(m)[6]2.1.25210aP−×,5210aP−×0P20aP20aPmaxPmaxP(20aP)0P(5210aP−×)0P1001210−2Wm12Wm1210“”[17~18]2.1.2.1.:20lgprePLP=2-6PaPreP[6]1052.010−×20aPµ52.010reaPP−=×2.1.2.2.[6]10lgwreWLW=2-7WreW1210reWW−=2.22.2.170dB1000Hz100Hz1000Hz“”Lsphon[2]1000Hz1000HzSson40phon1son10phon250phon2son60phon4son10phon10[16~19]24010logLsS=+40102LsS−=2-82.2.2ABC1140phon70phon100phon[2][19]A40500HzAAA(A)dB(A)B70200HzBB(B)dB(B)C1002.2.3A55dBA[10]AAAdB(A)2.3GB9061-8875dB85dB[20]83dB(A)9083dB(A)81dBA[21]JB/T2322-932.4[4]12()xt()Xf:()()exp(2)xtXfjftdfπ∞−∞=∫(2-9)()()exp(2)Xfxtjftdtπ∞−∞=−∫(2-10)()Xf“”(2-10)(2-11)0121,,,...,nxxxx−0121,,,...,nXXXX−:101()()exp(2/)NixiXkjkiNNπ−==∑(0,1,2,...,1)kN=−(2-11)101()()exp(2/)NiXkxijkiNNπ−==−∑(0,1,2,...,1)kN=−(2-12),()Xk,NFFT(FastFourierTransform)[22]1024,,:2()()()()xxGkXkXkXk∗=⋅=(2-13),()xxGk,()()XkXk∗⋅,,()Xk132.5()[2][10]2.5.1[10][16]2.5.2“”[23]142.5.3[6][10]2.5.4[16][24]()2.5.5[10]2()|{lg()}|pxCqFGf=(2-14)15()xGf——()pCq——()()|{lg()}|apxCqCqFGf==(2-15)()aCqqr(ms)qq2.5.6()()2.62.6.1[25~27]1216345“”63~5dB2.6.2[4][28](10Hz~20Hz)17()60znzfHz⋅=2-16zf——Hzn——(r/min)z——[4]2.6.3(2-16)2.71833.1A/DD/A/LabVIEW3.23.2.11233.2.21B&K19NIPXI/CompactPCI23PCILabVIEW10kb/s3.2.33.1PC3.13.2.420/(ADC)/(DAC)3.2[29]//DSPMIDICD-ROMMIDI3.2(DigitalSignalProcessor,DSP)A/DD/A[30]AardvarkAark24,MAYA44,INCA88,Motu828\896ECHOGINA24LAYLA2496kHz2428/1644kHzPC()::1()2():110252250044100816:200Hz--20kHz:LineIn()Speaker()Microphone()GamePort()LineInMicrophone16A/D2-1644.1kHzA/D(23us)22.05kHz21A/DA/DA/D:11.025KHz()22.05KHz()44.1KHz()()A/DD/A8168256“”1665536“”[31]3.2.51.E0Ct3.3[32]223.320023.4[32]3.4[9]233.13.130mm32ohm±15%105dB±3dB100mw--20Hz20KHz--2.2K-58dB±2dB--4.5v30Hz16KHz3.33.3.13.3.1.1LabVIEWHPVEENILabVIEWLabVIEW(LaboratoryVirtualInstrumentEngineeringWorkbench)NIG(GraphicsLanguage)243.3.1.2LabVIEW♦♦♦♦3232♦PCIGPIBPXIVXIRS-232/485USB♦DLL()DDE()ActiveX♦Internet[33-38]3.3.1.3LabVIEWLabVIEWLabVIEW[33-38]1)LabVIEWLabVIEWGPIBVXIInternetActiveXDDESQL2)LabVIEWLabVIEW3)LabVIEWLabVIEW25LabVIEW3.3.2LabVIEWLabVIEWLabVIEW3.53.5263.63.6LabVIEWLabVIEWVIVI/ControlsIndicatorsLabVIEWControlsIndicatorsVIVIVI/273.3.3LabVIEWVIVI3.7()/()???3.7LabVIEWSIConfig.