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新概念二Lesson64TheChannelTunnel海峡隧道TheChannelTunnel----Theworld'slongestunderseatunnelWhatisUnderseatunnel?•Anunderseatunnelisatunnelwhichispartlyorwhollyconstructedunderabodyofwater.Advantages:Tunnelingwillgeneratesoilthathasbeenexcavated[ˈekskəˌveɪtid]andthiscanbeusedtocreatenewland,aswasdonewiththesoiloftheChannelTunnel.Travellingthroughatunnelissignificantlyquickerandwon'tbeinfluenceduringadverseweatherTheChannelTunnelalsoreferredtoastheChunnelisa50.5-kilometreundersearailtunnellinkingFolkestoneintheUnitedKingdomwithCalaisinnorthernFrancebeneaththeEnglishChannelattheStraitofDover.ProfileofTheChannelTunnel:Atitslowestpoint,itis75metersdeep.At37.9kilometers,theChannelTunnelpossessesthelongestunderseaportionofanytunnelintheworld,althoughtheSeikanTunnelinJapanisbothlongeroverallat53.85kilometers,anddeeperat240metersbelowsealevel.TheSeikanTunnelTheChannelTunnel•Ideasforacross-Channelfixedlinkappearedasearlyas1802•beganconstructionin1988andopenedin1994•eventuallyclosedin2002forincident•TheBritishChannelTunnelGroupconsistedoftwobanksandfiveconstructioncompanies,whiletheirFrenchcounterparts.•TheFrenchChannelTunnelGroupconsistedofthreebanksandfiveconstructioncompanies.•Thedesignandconstructionwasdonebythetenconstructioncompanies.Engineering：Geologicalprofilealongthetunnelasconstructed:ThegeologygenerallyconsistsofnortheasterlydippingCretaceousstrata.Forthemajorityofitslengththetunnelboresthroughachalkmarlstratum.Successfultunnellingunderthechannelrequiredtheselectionofthebestrockstrata.Typicaltunnelcrosssection:withaservicetunnelbetweentwinrailtunnels.Shownlinkingtherailtunnelsisapistonreliefduct,necessarytomanagepressurechangesduetothemovementoftrainsConstruction：•PrecastsegmentalliningsinthemainTBMdriveswereused,butdifferentsolutionswereusedontheEnglishandFrenchsides.OntheFrenchside,neopreneandgroutsealedboltedliningsmadeofcastironorhigh-strengthreinforcedconcretewereused.OntheEnglishside,themainrequirementwasforspeedandboltingofcast-ironliningsegmentswasonlycarriedoutinareasofpoorgeology.Backgroundinformation英吉利海峡隧道（TheChannelTunnel)又称英法海底隧道或欧洲隧道（Eurotunnel)，是一条把英国英伦三岛连接往欧洲法国的铁路隧道，于1994年5月6日开通。它由三条长51km的平行隧洞组成，总长度153km，其中海底段的隧洞长度为3×38km，是目前世界上最长的海底隧道。从1986年2月12日法、英两国签订关于隧道连接的坎特布利条约（TreatyofCanterbury)到1994年5月7日正式通车，历时8年多，耗资约100亿英镑（约150亿美元），也是世界上规模最大的利用私人资本建造的工程项目。隧道长度50千米，仅次于日本青函隧道。海底长度39千米。单程需35分钟。ChannelTunnelLength:560km(350miles)Width:34-240km(21-150miles)(ItsnarrowestpartisbetweenDoverinEnglandandCapeGris-Nez,nearGalasis,inFrance.)Depth:120-45meters(400-500feet)(1km=0.6214miles)(1meter=3.28feet)TheEnglishChannel中文：英吉利海峡隧道英文：(TheEnglishChannelTunnel）昵称：Chunnel法文：letunnelsouslaManche又称：海峡隧道、英法海底隧道或欧洲隧道(EuroTunnel)•Thetunnelconsistsofthreeinterconnectedtubes:onerailtrackeachwayplusoneservicetunnel•Itslengthis31milesofwhich23milesareunderwater•Itsaveragedepthis150feetunderwater新圣哥达St.Gotthard隧道(瑞士)......57.6km(2012)布雷纳BasisBrenner隧道(奥意)........55.6km(2022)青函海峡隧道(日本)......................53.85km(1988)里昂-都灵间Ambin隧道(法意)..........52.11km(2025)英吉利海峡隧道(英法)...................49.50km(1994)ChannelTunnelInauguration•OnMay6th,1994,FranceandBritainopenedaneweraintheirhistoryofconflict.TheFrenchPresidentandtheBritishQueencuttheribbonatthededicationceremonyfortheChunnel.textIn1858,aFrenchengineer,AimeThomedeGamond,arrivedinEnglandwithaplanforatwenty-one-miletunnelundertheEnglishChannel.HesaidthatitwouldbepossibletobuildaplatforminthecentreoftheChannel.Thisplatformwouldserveasaportandarailwaystation.Thetunnelwouldbewell-ventilatediftallchimneyswerebuiltabovesealevel.In1860,abetterplanwasputforwardbyanEnglishman,WilliamLow.Hesuggestedthatadoublerailway-tunnelshouldbebuilt.Thiswouldsolvetheproblemofventilation,forifatrainenteredthistunnel,itwoulddrawinfreshairbehindit.Forty-twoyearslateratunnelwasactuallybegun.If,atthetime,theBritishhadnotfearedinvasion,itwouldhavebeencompleted.Theworldhadtowaitalmostanother100yearsfortheChannelTunnel.ItwasofficiallyopenedonMarch7,1994,finallyconnectingBritaintotheEuropeancontinent.•The17centuryplanNewwordsandexpressionsNewwordsandexpressions生词和短语•tunneln.隧道portn.港口ventilatev.通风chimneyn.烟囱sealevel海平面•doubleadj.双的ventilationn.通风fearv.害怕invasionn.入侵，侵略officiallyadv.正式地•connectv.连接Europeanadj.欧洲的continentn.大陆•★tunneln隧道•channel海峡/TheChannel:英吉利海峡••★portn港口•airport航空港••★ventilatev通风•air:airtheroom,please给房间通通风•••★chimneyn烟囱•★sealevel海平面•★doubleadj双的•DINK:doubleincome,nokid.•字母W的读音就是:“doubleu”意为两个u构成w.•couple/pair两个•acoupleofweeks•apairofshoes/socks/glasses一副眼镜••★ventilationn通风•ForcedVentilation强制排风系统•forcen.力量,武力,精力,魄力,势力,暴力,[复]军队,影响力vt.强制,强加,(用武力)夺取,促使,推动,施加压力•forcedadj.被迫的,强迫的,动用武力的•★fearv害怕•fright/frighten/frightening/frightened/frightful•beafraidof/fear是习惯性的/人做主语•frighten/scare是因某件突然的事情才让你产生了害怕的情绪/句子后边的部分是人•sbfearsth:Ifeareddarkness./Ifeardogs.•beafraidof:Iamafraidofdogs.•beafraidthat:canyouhelpme?IamafraidIcan't(恐怕)/Iamafraidnot.等同于Iamsorry.•sthfrightensb./sthscaresb:youfrightened/scaredme.•Thedoyfrightenedme./thefilmscaredme.•horrifyv.使恐怖,使极度厌恶,惊骇•horrifiedadj.惊悸的,带有恐怖感的,惊骇的•★