基于公交可达性的公交站距优化方法

第39卷第2期2009年3月东南大学学报(自然科学版)JOURNALOFSOUTHEASTUNIVERSITY(NaturalScienceEdition)Vol39No2Mar.2009张小丽陈峻王炜蒋大治(,210096):提出了在公交运营成本乘客舒适度等众多约束下提高公交可达性的公交站距优化方法.对公交可达性给出了新的度量方法,该方法分别以公交运营速度和公交客流量衡量空间可达性和时间可达性.利用公交站点覆盖面影响系数和潜在公交客流量,研究公交站距对公交客流量的影响;通过分析公交运营速度与公交站点停留时间公交车加减速次数等因素的内在关系,研究公交站距对公交运营速度的影响.以秦皇岛公交线路为实例,结果显示提高公交可达性的有效途径是使用不大于5min的低发车间隔,无论公交客流量大小,最优公交站距都可以保持在600m以下;而对高发车间隔,公交站距在900~1400m才能获得较高的可达性,而相比低发车间隔,公交可达性显著下降.:公交可达性;公交站距;公交客流量;公交运营速度:U491:A:1001-0505(2009)02038405BusstopspacingoptimizationbasedonbusaccessibilityZhangXiaoliChenJunWangWeiJiangDazhi(SchoolofTransportation,SoutheastUniversity,Nanjing210096,China)Abstract:Abusstopspacingoptimizationmethodtoimproveaccessibilityisproposedunderconstraintsofbusoperatingcostandpassengerscomfortleve,leta.lAnewbusaccessibilitymeasurementissuggested,whichusesbusoperatingspeedandbuspassengerdemandtodescribetemporalandspatialaccessibility,respectively.Theimpactofbusstopspacingonbuspassengerdemandisstudiedbybusstopcoverageeffectcoefficientandpotentialbuspassengerdemand.Theimpactofbusstopspacingonbusoperatingspeedisstudiedbyanalyzingtheinternalrelationshipsofbusoperatingspeedandtheinfluencefactorssuchastimespendingonbusstops,numbersofbusaccelerationanddeceleration,eta.lThecaseofabusrouteinQinghuangdaowasstudied.Theanalysisresultsshowthattheefficientwaytoimprovebusaccessibilityistokeepbusheadwaynotmorethan5min,sothattheoptimumbusstopspacingisbelow600mnomatterhowmuchthebuspassengerdemandis.Butonconditionofhigherbusheadways,optimumbusstopspacingshouldbeintherangeof900to1400mandthebusaccessibilitywoulddropmoreremarkablycomparedwithlowerbusheadways.Keywords:busaccessibility;busstopspacing;buspassengerdemand;busoperatingspeed:20080925.:(1982),,;(),,,,,[e-mail].:(50738001)(863)(2008AA11Z201).:,,,.[J].:,2009,39(2):384388...,,.,,.!.,.,,.[1].2:∀,[2];#,[34].,.,:,.,.1,,.,[5].:∀,,Hensen1959,,[2,6];#,[7].,2[12],.:,.,,.:A(s)=∃in=1q(s)(v(s)t-(n-1)s)(1),A(s);s;q(s);v(s);t;i,i=v(s)t/s.,.2,.,.,,,,Q(s)=Q0f(s)(2),Q(s);f(s);Q0.,;,(2).,,,.,.,,.,300m,500m,,[8].Alshalalfah[9]:60%300m.1,2,2(a),D1300m,D2300~500m,D11,D20~1,0,D1D2,2(b).D1D2,,f(s)=D1+D2p(x+y)dxdyD01+D02p(x+y)dxdy=385第2期张小丽,等:基于公交可达性的公交站距优化方法a0+(N+1)a1a0+229%106s&0.6kma0+(N+1)a2a0+229%1060.6km&s&1km(N+2)a0a0+229%106s∋1km(3),N;a0=(3000(300-x0dxdy+(5000(500-x300-x500-(x+y)200dxdya1=(05xs0(300-x0dxdy+(05xs0(500-x300-x500-(x+y)200dxdya2=(3000(300-x0dxdy+(05xs0(500-x300-x500-(x+y)200dxdy123,,[10].:v(s)=LTbus=LTad+Ts+Tc+To+Tm(4),L;Tbus;Tad;Ts;Tc();To;Tm(),.31Tad.3,.350m,,50m,M=Ns+pcNc+1(5),M;Ns;pc,,pc=(C-g)/C,Cg;Nc(50m).,umax,,,u=min{umax,2ad(xa+xd+xo)/(a+d)}(6),xa,xd;xo.Tad=[Ns+pcNc+1][u(a+d)/(ad)](7)32Ts,,Ts=hQ(s)+(N+2)k(8),;k;h.33Tc,C-g,Tc=05(C-g)pc(Nc+Nsc)(9),Nsc50m.3.4To,386东南大学学报(自然科学版)第39卷,,,To=L-Ladu=Lu-05Tad(10)4,,.,,:maxA(s)s..tv(s)∋,Tad/Tbus&w,(s)&*(11),,,3:,25km/h,15~25km/h15km/h[11];w,;(s),,(s)=2Tbus/h,*.:∀,;#;),.,,,s,,.51,.11,2.,14,40%,,15km/h,510m,19,3.1,21,,..,,,.,.4,5.,,,600m.,,;,.5min,600m;,,900~1400m,.,,.,,11L/km102k/s3a/(m∗s-2)10C/s120d/(m∗s-2)12g/s50Nc14Q/(∗h-1)1188Nsc4!/m1600Ns22umax/(km∗h-1)40h/min5/(km∗h-1)15/s3Tm/min3387第2期张小丽,等:基于公交可达性的公交站距优化方法2s/mNf/sQ/(∗h-1)Tbus/minTadTbus/%v/(km∗h-1)A/(∗km∗(15min)-1)(s)/12757031561300183204199312785120488623232221892567137291305091332723018726491456717059106834325917927901453718061109734626717728061451019062112334927417528151448620063114735328117428121546421065116835628817228141544322066118835929517128091535228071127737633616327331626238075136540139915325381720848078141742545614423311845,,.6,,.,,,.,,.,,.(References)[1]MurrayAT,WuXL.Accessibilitytradeoffsinpublictransitplanning[J].JournalofGeographicalSystem,2003,5(1):93107.[2]ZiariH,KeymaneshMR,KhabiriMM.Locatingstationsofpublictransportationvehiclesforimprovingtransitaccessibility[J].Transport,2007,22(2):99104.[3],,.[J].:,2007,24(4):357362.MeiZhenyu,GeHongwe,iXiangYiqiang.Abusstopspacingoptmiizingmodelbasedondiscretedistributiondemand[J].JournalofShenzhenUniversity:ScienceandEngineering,2007,24(4):357362.(inChinese)[4]LuoYong,HuangHaibo,GuoXiuchun.Thestudyofbusstopspacingoptimizingmodelbasedontheminimumsystemtotalcost[J].SichuanUniversityofScienceandTechnology,2003,S2:7478.[5],,.[J].,2007,26(5):100112.ChenJie,LuFeng,ChengChangxiu.Advanceinaccessibilityevaluationapproachesandapplications[J].ProgressinGeography,2007,26(5):100112.(inChinese)[6]HansenWG.Howaccessibilityshapeslanduse[J].JournaloftheAmericanInstituteofPlanners,1959,25(2):7376.[7],,.[J],,2001,29(6):666671.ZengSong,YangPeikun,FangDibo.Accessibilityassessmentonstructureofstreetnetwork[J].JournalofTongjiUniversity,2001,29(6):666671.(inChinese)[8]KrygsmanS,DijstM,ArentzeT.Multimodalpublictranspor:tananalysisoftraveltimeelementsandtheinterconnectivityratio[J].TransportPolicy,2004,11(3):265275.[9]AlshalalfahBW,ShalabyAS.Casestudy:relationshipofwalkaccessdistancetotransitwithservice,trave,landpersonalcharacteristics[J].JournalofUrbanPlanningandDevelopment,2007,133(2):114118.[10]SakaAA.Modelfordeterminingoptimumbusstopspacinginurbanareas[J].JournalofTransportationE