英语中几大从句

—10—英语中几大从句的用法总结2010-03-1622:08:46|分类：语法学习|标签：|字号大中小订阅⒈主语从句⑴主语从句可直接位于主语的位置，如果从句较长，谓语又较短，可用it作形式主语，而将从句放在句末。常见的句型有：*Itisafact\apity\aquestion\goodnewsthat...*Itseems\appears\happened\hasturnedoutthat...*Itisclear\important\likely\possiblethat...*Itissaid\reported\estimated\hasbeenprovedthat...*Itissaidthatcomicbookscreateaconnectionbetweenpeopleofthesamegeneration.*Itseemsthattheperformanceisveryuseful.⑵what引导的主语从句表示“...的东西时”，一般不用it作形式主语。*Whatwelackisexperience.⑶what,who,when,why,whether等词含有各自的疑问意义，但它们引导的主语从句，都用陈述语序。*Howtheplanistobecarriedoutshouldbediscussedagain.*IdidknowwhyIfeltlikecrying.⒉宾语从句⑴宾语从句可位于及物动词、介词和某些形容词后。连词that常可省略。介词后一般接疑问词引导的宾语从句。inthat(因为),exceptthat(除了),butthat(只是）已构成固定搭配，其他介词后一般不接that引导的宾语从句。*IpromisedthatIwouldchangethesituation.*AllthisisdifferentfromwhatAmericanyoungpeoplewouldsayaboutfriendship.*Heiscertainthatwatchingsomuchtelevisionisnotgoodforchildren.*Thisarticleiswell-writtenexceptthatitisabittoolong.⑵宾语从句后如有宾补，要用形式宾语it来代替，而把宾语从句移至宾补之后。—10—*Hehasmadeitclearthathewouldnotchangehismind.⑶在think,believe,suppose,expect等动词后的宾语从句中，如果谓语是否定的，一般将否定词移至主句谓语上，宾语从句则变成肯定形式。*Hedidn'tthinkthatthemoneywaswellspent.⒊表语从句⑴表语从句出现在结构为“主语+系动词+表语从句”的句子中。表语从句除可用that,what,when,why,whether,how等引导外，还可由because,asif(though)等引导。that常可省略。如主句主语为reason,只能用that引导表语从句，不可用because.*PerhapsthemostimportantthingtorememberisthatthereisnoonecommontypeoflifeinAmerica.*Thereasonwhysomanypeoplediedthereisthattherewerenotenoughfoodsupplies.*Itlooksasifsuccessfulinternationalculturalcommunicationwillmaketheworldsmaller.⑵宾语从句后如有宾补，要用形式宾语it来代替，而把宾语从句移至宾补之后。*Hehasmadeitclearthathewouldnotchangehismind.4.同位语从句同位语从句用于对前面出现的名词作进一步说明，一般用连词that引导，由于先行名词的意义不同，也可用whether/who/when/where/what/why/how等引导。常见的先行名词有fact/idea/belief/news/hope/conclusion/evidence/suggestion/order/Problem/report,/decision.有时由于谓语较短，将同位语从句位于谓语之后。*Shefinallymadethedecisionthatshewouldjointhefashionshow.*IhadnoideahowmanybooksIcouldborrowatatime.*Thenewscamethattheirteamhadwonthechampionship.5.定语从句【定语从句所修饰的先行词可以是名词或代词，也可以是一个句子。定语从句通常位于先行词之后，由关系代词或关系副词引导】⑴限制性定语从句【限制性定语从句修饰先行词，对先行词起修饰作用，紧接先行词之后，无逗号，若省去，原句意思不完整。引导定语从句的关系代词有who/whom/whose/which/that等who/whom/—10—whose用于指人，whose有时也可指物，相当于ofwhich；which用于指物；that既可指人也可指物，但只用于限制性定语从句中。关系代词除了引导定语从句，替代先行词外，还在从句中担任主语、宾语、定语等】*ThecomputersandcableswhichmakeuptheInternetareownedbypeopleandorganizations.*Thosewholivealoneorwhoaresickmayhavetroubleingettingclosetootherpeople.*Thegirlwhoseparentsdiedinanaccidentislivingwithhergrandmother.1)当先行词是all/anything/everything/something/nothing等不定代词或先行词前有first/last/any/few/much/some/no/only以及形容词最高级修饰时，只能用关系代词that引导从句。*ThatisallthatI'veheardfromhim.*He'sthefirstpersonthatI'mgoingtointerviewthisafternoon.2)在从句中作宾语的关系代词常可省略。关系代词紧跟介词，作介词宾语时不可用that，只可用which或whom引导从句，并且不可省略，但当介词位于宾语从句句末时，作为介词宾语的关系代词仍可用that，也可省略。*Thisisoneofthosethingswithwhichwehavetoputup.*Thisisoneofthosethings(which\that)wehavetoputupwith.3)引导定语从句的关系副词有when/where/why等。关系副词在从句中作状语，意义上相当于一个“介词+which”的结构。*Evenincomicbookswhere(=inwhich)therearenowords,thestoriesarefullyexpressedthroughthedrawings.*Nooneknowsthereasonwhy(=forwhich)hewassoangrythatday.⑵非限制性定语从句【非限制性定语从句既可修饰先行词，也可修饰整个主句，起补充说明作用，与主句之间有逗号隔开，若省去，原句意思不受影响。不可用that引导非限制性定语从句。关系词不可省略】*Everyobjecthasagravitationalpull,whichisratherlikemagnetism.⑶“介词+which\whom\whose”引导的定语从句【“介词+which\whom\whose”可引导限制性定语从句，也可引导非限制性定语从句，该结构中介词的选择取决于从句谓语动词的固定搭配，或先行词的习惯搭配】—10—*Thisisthecomputeronwhichhespentallhissavings*Itiswrittenbyapersonwithwhomweareallfamiliar.⑷as引导的定语从句【as引导的定语从句主要用于“such...as”及“thesame...as”的结构中，代替先行词是人或物的名词。as引导非限制性定语句时，代替整个主句，从句可位于主句之前、之后或中间】*Thesearenotsuchproblemsascanbeeasilysolved.(as代替先行词problems)*Asismentionedabove,nosinglecompanyorgroupcanControlwhathappensontheInternet.(as代替主语)6.状语从句⑴时间状语从句引导时间状语从句的从属连词和词组有：1）when/whenever/while/as/after/before/since/till/until/once等。*Wehavelearntquitealotaboutitsincewecamehere.2)assoonas/hardly(scarcely)...when/nosooner...than/each(every)time/themoment/immediately(that)等。*AssoonasIsentane-mailmessage,Ireceivedpositiveresponses.*Themomentheheardthegoodnews,hejumpedwithjoy.⑵地点状语从句引导地点状语从句的连词是where,wherever.*Wherevershewent,shetookherlittledaughterwithher.⑶原因、结果和目的状语从句1)引导原因状语从句的连词有：because/as/since/now(that)/seeingthat/consideringthat/inthat等。*Consideringthatheisafreshman,wemustsayheisdoingwell.2)引导结果状语从句的连词有：so...that,/such...that/sothat/that/so等。*MickeyMouseissoattractivethatthechildrenarereluctanttoleave.—10—3)引导目的状语从句的连词有：sothat/inorderthat/forfearthat/lest等，从句常使用may/might/can/could/would等情态动词。*Wegotupearlythismorningsothatwecouldcatchthefirstbustotherailwaystation.⑷条件和让步状语从句1）引导条件状语从句的连词有：if/unless,as(so)longas/onconditionthat/incase/provided(providing)that/supposing等。*Aslongasyouhavetherightequipment,youcanuseatelephonelinetotransmitcomputerdata.2)引导让步状语从句though/although/whether/eventhough/evenif/nomatterwhat(when,how...)/whatever(whenever,wherever,however....)等。Though/evenif等引导状语从句可转换成含有as的部分倒装结构，具有强调意义。其结构为“形容词（副词、动词、名词）+as+主语+谓语”。*Nomatterwhatyoumaysay,Iwouldnotchangemymind.*Youngasheis,heisquiteexperiencedinthiswork.(=