英美文学史(作家及作品)

EnglishLiteratureGeoffreyChaucer:theFatherofEnglishPoetrytheFounderofEnglishRealismtheMasterofmodernEnglishlanguageThepioneeroftheEnglishRenaissanceBeowulf:NationalepicoftheAnglo-SaxonsThestoryofBeowulfisafolklegendwhichreflectsthefeatureofthetribalworld.alliteration,metaphor,understatementJohnMilton:Blankverse双韵体、革命诗人JohnDonne:peculiarconceits奇喻metaphysicalschool形而上学派JohnBunyan:Thepilgrim’sprogress天路历程DanielDefoe:FatherofEnglishnovels英国现代小说之父JonathanSwift:FatherofEnglishstylisticsHenryFielding:ThefounderofEnglishrealisticnovel小说艺术之父AlexanderPope:英语诗歌艺术之父RobertBurns:Thepoetofpeasants农民作家LyricalBallads:ThebeginningofromanticrevivalWalterScott:Thefatherofhistoricalnovel历史小说之父OldEnglishLiterature(mid5th-mid11th)Background:RomanconquestA.D78ModeofLife:Christianity,lastfor400yearsAnglo-SaxonsettledinEnglishmilitaryleadershipintokingshipOldEnglishFromtribaltofeudalismMedievalEnglishLiterature(1066-14th末）Background:Normanconquestin1066FrenchandLatinprevailDivisionintoclasslandlordsandpeasantsconflictsGeoffreyChaucer:TheCanterburyTales--therisingthebourgeoisieofBritain--praiseman’senergy,intellect,witandloveoflife--satirizetheevilofanddegenerationofthenobleandcorruptionofthechurch--Frenchrhymedstanza:heroiccouplet英雄双韵体两行一韵:a-a-b-b-c-c-d-d-e-e-f-f-g-g--createthefamousterzarima三行诗runonline跳行--showatruelifepicture,thefirstsmoothEnglish--theforeshadowofthecomingtheEnglishRenaissanceTroilusandCriseyde13838000linesWilliamLangland:PiersthePlowmanTheEnglishRenaissance(14th-17th)Background:politically--HenryVIII--Tudordynastycentralizedmonarchy--breakwithRomeenrichthenewbourgeois--newreligiousdogmaprotestantism--QueenMary--反新教，互相妥协Economically--theclosuremovement生产和土地需求，农民被剥削--Commercialexpansion--explorationandtravel--colonyCulturally--Renaissancecuriosityforclassicliteratureadmirationforhumanbeauty,humanityMilitary--withSpainbourgeoisiefoughtforpower,roseinthehistoryWilliamCaxton:thefirstEnglishprintertranslateCanterburyTales,TroilusandCriseydeThomasMore:UtopiaWilliamShakespeare:----Comedy:AmidsummerNight’sDreamTheMerchantofVeniceAsyoulikeitTwelfthNight----Tragedy:Hamlet、Othello、KingLear、Macbeth早期RomeoandJulietMainfeatures:realisticwritingImitationandadaptationLanguagemasterDiversifiedwritingskillsandmethods:song,sonnet,couplet,blankverseSonnets十四行诗a-b-a-b-c-d-c-d-e-f-e-f-g-g^-^-^-^-^-fivefeetOnefoot一个重音和一个或一个以上的非重音IambicPentameter抑扬格EdmundSpenser:TheShepherdCalendarTheFaerieQueeneAchievement:theSpenserianstanza9-linestanza--ababbcbccIambicpentameter五步格,iambichexameter六步格ChristopherMarlowe:Tamburlaine、TheJewsofMalta、DoctorFaustusBenJonson(thesuccessorofShakespeare)---comedy:EverymaninHisHumourVolponeBartholomewFairFoxTheAlchemist---tragedy:SejanusCatilineFrancisBacon:AdvancementofLearningNewinstrumentTheessays“knowledgeispower”TranslationalperiodJohnMilton:ParadiseLostParadiseRegainedSamsonAgonistesJohnDonne:SongsandSonnetsJohnBunyan:ThePilgrim’sprogress18thEnglishLiterature(endof17th-18th1789)Background:TheGloriousRevolutionin1688endedinacompromisebetweenthearistocracyandbourgeois.EnglishbecameconstitutionalmonarchyandpowerpassedfromtheKingtotheParliamentandthecabinetminister.TheIndustrialRevolutionTheEnlightenmentmarkedthebeginningofanintellectualmovementinEurope.Anexpressionstruggleofthebourgeoisieagainstfeudalism.DanielDefoe:RobinsonCrusoeJonathanSwift:Gulliver’sTravelsHenryFielding:JosephAndrewsJonathanWildTomeJonesSamuelRichardson:PamelaalongtaleAlexanderPope:AnEssayonManSentimentalismandPre-romanticismSentimentalnovel:ThevicarofWakefieldSentimentalpoetry:ElegywritteninacountrychurchyardThomasGrayFeatures:1.emphasizetoomuchemotionratherthanreason2.optimisticattitudetowardthegoodnessofhumanityPre-romanticismrepresentativesWilliamBlake:SongsofInnocenceSongsofExperienceRobertburns:MyloveislikeaRedRedroseStyle:emphasisonnaturalsentimentandindividualoriginality,showingrevolutionarypassionagainstclassicaltradition,followedbyShelley.19thEnHistoricalBackground:Background:IndustrialRevolutionhomeFrenchrevolution,IndependenceofTheUnitedStatesabroadScholarsandwritersaredissatisfactorywiththedevelopmentofbourgeois,againstthereasonofenlightenment.PhilosophersinEuropeandAmericaareactiveemotion,imagination,independence,individualityandintuitionofhumankindprevail.cultureRomanticMovementWilliamWordsworth:WritteninMarchWordsworth、SamuelT(aylor)Coleridge------LyricalBalladsPercyShelley:OdetotheWestWindQueenMabTherevoltofIslamGeorgeByron:DonJuan“ShewalksinBeauty”JohnKeats:WhenIhavefearsOdetoanightmareOdetoaGrecianUrn“Beautyistruth,truthbeauty”JaneAustin:SenseandsensibilityPrideandprejudiceMansfieldParkEmmaNorthangerAbbeyPersuasionWalterScott:WaverleyIvanhoeRobRoyFeatures:vivifyingthepast,closelypayattentiontothefatesofindividuals,Allkindsofpeoplearedescribed,bothromanticimaginationandrealisticinvestigation,conservativeinpoliticsRealisticmovement(VictorianPeriod1836)HistoricalBackgrounds:Criticalrealism,Victorianliterature,ChartistliteratureMainfeatures--thestrugglingoftheproletariatforitsrights--