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1/45InternationalBusinessEnglishLesson1InternationalBusiness/国际商务BusinessKnowledge:ThemajordifferencesbetweeninternationalbusinessanddomesticbusinessA.Differencesinlegalsystems法律体系B.Differencesincurrencies货币C.DifferencesinculturalbackgroundD.DifferentinnaturalandeconomicconditionsThemajortypesofinternationalbusinessA.Tradea.Commoditytrade商品贸易b.ServicetradeB.Investmenta.Foreigndirectinvestmentb.Portfolioinvestment证券投资C.Othertypesa.Licensingandfranchising许可经营和特许经营b.Managementcontractandcontractmanufacturing管理合同和承包生产c.TurnkeyprojectandBOTTradeTerms:1.Customsarea关税区:2.Conversion货币兑换3.Visibletrade有形贸易:Theformofcommoditytrade,i.e.exportingandimportinggoodsproducedormanufacturedinonecountryforconsumptionorresaleinanother.(includingcashtransaction-bymeansofmoneyandmarket,andcountertrade)4.Invisibletrade无形贸易:Theformoftransportation,communication,banking,insurance,consulting,informationetc.iscalledinvisibletradeorserviceindustries.5.FDI外国直接投资:Foreigndirectinvestments.Returnsthroughcontrollingtheenterprisesorassetsinvestedinahostcountry./P.256.Onecountryacquiresassetsinaforeigncountryforthepurposeofcontrollingandmanagingthem.6.Portfolioinvestment证券投资:Purchasesofforeignfinancialassetsforapurposeotherthancontrolling.7.Stocks股票:Capitalstocksorbonds.8.Bonds债券:Thepapersissuedbyagovernmentorafirmwithpromisetopaybackthemoneylentorinvestedtogetherwithinterest.9.Maturity（票据等）到期10.Certificateofdeposit大额存单11.Licensing许可经营:Inlicensing,afirmleasestherighttouseitsintellectualpropertytoafirminanothercountry.Theychooselicensingbecausetheydonothavetomakecashpaymentstostatbusiness,andcansimplyreceiveincomeintheformofroyalty（许可费）.12.Franchising特许经营:Underfranchising,franchiseeisallowedtooperateinthenameofanother,franchiserwhoprovidestheformerwithtrademarks,brandnames,logosandoperatingtechniquesforroyalty.13.TradeMark商标14.Patent专利15.Royalty专利（许可）使用费，版税16.Copyright版权17.Licenser许可方18.Licensee被许可方19.Franchiser特许方:Afirmwhoprovidesthefranchiseewithtrademarks,brandnames,logosandoperatingtechniquesforroyalty.20.Franchisee被特许方:Afirmisallowedtooperateinthenameofanother.21.Managementcontract管理合同:Underamanagementcontract,onecompanyoffersmanagerialorotherspecializedservicestoanotherwithinaparticularperiodforaflatpaymentorapercentageoftherelevantbusinessvolume.22.Valuechain价值链23.Turnkeyproject“交钥匙”工程:Foraninternationalturnkeyproject,afirmsignsacontractwithaforeignpurchaserandundertakesallthedesigning,contractingandfacilityequippingbeforehandingitovertothelatteruponcompletion.24.BOT建设、经营和移交:Build,Operate,Transfer25.Expertise专门知识2/4526.Bonus红利、奖金、津贴27.Royalty许可使用费28.Internationalinvestment国际投资:Supplyingcapitalbyresidentsofonecountrytoanother.29.Contractmanufacturing承包生产30.GATT关贸总协定:GeneralAgreementonTariffsandTrade31.Internationalbusiness国际商务:Transactionbetweenpartiesfromdifferentcountries.Sometimesbusinessacrossthebordersofdifferentcustomsareasofthesamecountryisalsoregardedasimportandexport.32.Intellectualproperty知识产权33.Oildeposit:石油储备=oilreserves34.thereservesofnaturalresources自然资源储备35.Personaladvancement个人的晋升，个人素质的提高以及个人事业的进步等。Answerthefollowingquestions:1.Whatdoesinternationalbusinessreferto?Pleasetellthedifferencebetweeninternationalbusinessanddomesticbusiness.A:Internationalbusinessreferstotransactionbetweenpartiesfromdifferentcountries.Sometimesbusinessacrossthebordersofdifferentcustomsareasofthesamecountryisalsoregardedasimportandexport.Somemajordifferencesbetweeninternationalbusinessanddomesticbusinessisfollowing:(1)Differencesinlegalsystems(2)Differencesincurrencies(3)Differencesinculturalbackground(4)Differentinnaturalandeconomicconditions2.Pleaseexplainthedifferencesbetweenvisibletradeandinvisibletrade.Whichisbecomingmoreandmoreimportantandaccountsforanincreasingproportionininternationaltrade?A:Visibletradeistheformofcommoditytrade.Theformoftransportation,communication,banking,insurance,consulting,informationetc.iscalledinvisibletradeorserviceindustries.Thelaterisbecomemoreandmoreimportant.3.Canyoucitesomeexamplestoillustrateculturaldifferencesininternationalbusiness?A:Culturaldifferencesincludinglanguage,customs,traditions,religion,value,behavioretc.4.Pleaseelaborate（详细说明）onthetwocategories（种类）ofinternationalinvestment.Whatistheirmajordifference?A:FDI(Foreigndirectinvestment)ismadeforreturnsthroughcontrollingtheenterprisesorassetsinvestedininahostcountry./外国直接投资：通过控制其它投资在他国的企业和资产获得回报。Portfolioinvestmentreferstopurchasesofforeignfinancialassetsforapurposeotherthancontrolling.Suchfinancialassetsmaybestocks,bondsorcertificatesofdeposit./证券投资：不以控制为目的而购买外国的金融资产，如：股票、债券和定期存款单。5.Whatislicensing?Whydofirmssometimeschooseitasameansofenteringaforeignmarket?A:Inlicensing,afirmleasestherighttouseitsintellectualpropertytoafirminanothercountry./国际许可即：一家公司允许国外的公司使用它的知识产权。Theychooselicensingbecausetheydonothavetomakecashpaymentstostatbusiness,andcansimplyreceiveincomeintheformofroyalty.可直接收取知识产权费，不必现金开办新业务Besides,theycanbenefitfromlocationaladvantagesofforeignoperationwithoutanyobligationsinownershipormanagement.享有当地经营优势，而在所有权和经营上不承担义务Theuseoflicensingispa