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Accordingtotheassessmentrequirementsofpartyconductandcleangovernment,combinedwiththefiveregulationsandfivenewrequirementsofstate-ownedEnterpriseleaders'integrityandself-discipline关于便秘威海卫人民医院肛肠科便秘中心Accordingtotheassessmentrequirementsofpartyconductandcleangovernment,combinedwiththefiveregulationsandfivenewrequirementsofstate-ownedEnterpriseleaders'integrityandself-discipline排便生理—粪便进入直肠粪便以一定的量和速度驱入直肠时压迫盆底,刺激排便感受器,冲动至大脑皮层产生便意,并引起直肠平滑肌的反射性收缩如环境允许排便,则可意识性解除盆底肌、外括约肌的主动收缩,诸肌肉松弛,肛管压力下降;同时采用呼气后屏气,增加腹内压将粪便推入肛管环境不允许排便,盆底诸肌肉主动收缩,不使粪便进入肛管,同时直肠结肠亦适应性松弛,使直肠内压下降,便意逐步解除Accordingtotheassessmentrequirementsofpartyconductandcleangovernment,combinedwiththefiveregulationsandfivenewrequirementsofstate-ownedEnterpriseleaders'integrityandself-discipline什麽是慢性便秘?慢性便秘既是一个症状,也是一种病每周排便3次或每日有排便但需要努争,排便不尽感或者需要灌肠,开塞露,泻药等来维持排便病症出现至少6个月Accordingtotheassessmentrequirementsofpartyconductandcleangovernment,combinedwiththefiveregulationsandfivenewrequirementsofstate-ownedEnterpriseleaders'integrityandself-discipline便秘的病因摄入纤维素不足、缺水、久坐和环境改变等(旅行、怀孕、或精神紧张而加重)长期强忍便意滥用减肥药或泻药可能由器质性疾病继发,如结直肠肿瘤或狭窄;系统性疾病包括脊髓损伤、糖尿病、甲状腺功能减退、中风后或帕金森病等成年人Accordingtotheassessmentrequirementsofpartyconductandcleangovernment,combinedwiththefiveregulationsandfivenewrequirementsofstate-ownedEnterpriseleaders'integrityandself-discipline便秘的病因摄入纤维素不足、缺水、久坐、精神紧张排便习惯不良:强忍便意、排便不规律、排便时读书看报错误饮食习惯——“早餐被省略,午餐在流浪,晚餐太丰盛”饮食结构不合理,控制饮食,滥用减肥药或泻药青少年Accordingtotheassessmentrequirementsofpartyconductandcleangovernment,combinedwiththefiveregulationsandfivenewrequirementsofstate-ownedEnterpriseleaders'integrityandself-discipline便秘的病因儿童不愿意排便——肛门外括约肌紧闭以减轻排便冲动——经常回避排便——直肠强直,适应粪便的保留,削减了直肠的推进力粪便长期潴留变硬——排便时引起肛门疼痛——患儿回避排便——导致大便潴留和很少排便——可能出现粪便自溢(污粪)儿童生活环境变化:上幼儿园、升学压力、转学家庭教育不当:排便成为儿童与父母对抗的方式器质性疾病:先天性疾病,全身性疾病等婴幼儿及儿童Accordingtotheassessmentrequirementsofpartyconductandcleangovernment,combinedwiththefiveregulationsandfivenewrequirementsofstate-ownedEnterpriseleaders'integrityandself-discipline慢性便秘的诊断盆底功能障碍性疾病功能性排便障碍慢传输性便秘混合性便秘盆底失弛缓(50%)盆底松弛慢传输性便秘+盆底失弛缓慢传输性便秘+盆底松弛盆底失弛缓+盆底松弛Accordingtotheassessmentrequirementsofpartyconductandcleangovernment,combinedwiththefiveregulationsandfivenewrequirementsofstate-ownedEnterpriseleaders'integrityandself-discipline慢性便秘的治疗生物反馈:协调盆底肌肉运动针灸治疗:调节胃肠运动、促进排便中药治疗:整体调节心理治疗:建立正确认知,缓解情绪问题Accordingtotheassessmentrequirementsofpartyconductandcleangovernment,combinedwiththefiveregulationsandfivenewrequirementsofstate-ownedEnterpriseleaders'integrityandself-discipline我需要怎样配合治疗呢?1.解除心理负担2.规律进食3.规律排便4.凯格尔训练5.合理运动6.腹部按摩Accordingtotheassessmentrequirementsofpartyconductandcleangovernment,combinedwiththefiveregulationsandfivenewrequirementsofstate-ownedEnterpriseleaders'integrityandself-discipline解除心理负担2~3天没有排便,不必太担心。排便次数易被食物或水分的摄取量所左右。环境发生变化也容易产生便秘尽量避免依照自己的判断去使用泻药,更不能随意接受其他患者的推荐服用某些不知成分的泻药“心在,一切皆有可能”——对治疗有信心,不做无谓的怀疑,以免影响情绪Accordingtotheassessmentrequirementsofpartyconductandcleangovernment,combinedwiththefiveregulationsandfivenewrequirementsofstate-ownedEnterpriseleaders'integrityandself-discipline规律进食一日三餐按时进食,早餐尤其不能缺少零食取代主食是不可取的保证每餐进食量保证营养均衡Accordingtotheassessmentrequirementsofpartyconductandcleangovernment,combinedwiththefiveregulationsandfivenewrequirementsofstate-ownedEnterpriseleaders'integrityandself-discipline葡萄糖缺少葡萄糖来自食物中的碳水化合物。每当饭后被吸收到血液中的葡萄糖浓度升高时,就会在胰岛素作用下,转移到细胞内储藏起来。当血液中葡萄糖的浓度降低时,高糖素又会把肝细胞内的葡萄糖调出来应急。如果体内吸收的葡萄糖不足以应付消耗,最严重的后果就是割肉充饥,把肌肉中的蛋白质拿来作燃料。结果减掉的不只是肥肉,还大大削弱了长时间塑造起来的肌肉群。营养不均衡Accordingtotheassessmentrequirementsofpartyconductandcleangovernment,combinedwiththefiveregulationsandfivenewrequirementsofstate-ownedEnterpriseleaders'integrityandself-discipline缺少脂肪脂肪是女性身体不可缺少的组成部分,是人体的能源储备早在青春期,女性体内的雌激素就已经开始加紧脂肪的运输和储藏,为日后孕育下一代做准备,它更暗示着卵巢发育和排卵周期的问题,缺少脂肪,将可能影响月经周期、受孕,也暗示身体可能正受到骨质密度降低、骨质疏松症、抵抗力下降、患乳腺癌和子宫内膜癌的威胁营养不均衡Accordingtotheassessmentrequirementsofpartyconductandcleangovernment,combinedwiththefiveregulationsandfivenewrequirementsofstate-ownedEnterpriseleaders'integrityandself-discipline缺少蛋白质免疫力受损身体的每一个细小的部分,从细胞到器官,几乎都有蛋白质的存在。食物中缺乏蛋白质,人体生长、细胞分化、损伤修复、免疫反应、激素调节等过程都会受影响。假若营养不良造成免疫功能低下,表现往往是抵抗力弱,经不起细菌、病毒、和细胞癌变的进攻营养不均衡Accordingtotheassessmentrequirementsofpartyconductandcleangovernment,combinedwiththefiveregulationsandfivenewrequirementsofstate-ownedEnterpriseleaders'integrityandself-discipline缺少微量元素学生中挑食、厌食、偏食,了喜欢吃零食,不爱吃主食的,错误地认为水果可代表蔬菜,每日蔬菜摄取量很少,导致营养不良者增多青少年代谢旺盛,骨骼生长快,要特别注意钙、磷、和维生素A、D的供给大量组织的形成需要铁,供给不足则可发生贫血特别是少女由于月经来潮,每次要损失一定量的血,因此铁质的补充更为重要营养不均衡Accordingtotheassessmentrequirementsofpartyconductandcleangovernment,combinedwiththefiveregulationsandfivenewrequirementsofstate-ownedEnterpriseleaders'integrityandself-discipline荤素搭配、红绿兼备主食要占每餐总能量的60%以上荤菜以鱼虾、鸡鸭为先,其次选择猪牛羊肉——减少脂肪的摄入素菜要保证绿叶新鲜蔬菜的补充,颜色越绿,所含维生素越丰富,小青菜、油麦菜、空心菜都是价廉的选择隔三差五吃一些红色蔬菜,如西红柿、红椒、胡萝卜等富含番茄红素和胡萝卜素的食物,可以有效提高机体抗氧化能力,振奋精神注意:保证每天摄入500克蔬菜和200克左右的水果每日摄取一定量饮食纤维——促进良好的消化功能、防止便秘补充丰富的维生素和矿物质,没时间多吃水果,可以用一些果汁饮品来代替也可服用维生素或矿物质补充剂。最好选用复合营养补充剂;不要选单一品种、大剂量的营养补充剂一杯酸奶——酸奶中含有丰富的钙,具有保健作用的益生菌,可帮助消化Accordingtotheassessmentrequirementsofpartyconductandcleangovernment,combinedwiththefiveregulationsandfivenewrequirem
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