初中英语语法之一般现在时

一般现在时TheSimplePresentTensegetupgotobedgotosleephavebreakfasthavelunchhavedinnerhavesuppergotoschoolgohomestartworkstartlessonsfinishschoolplayfootballwashhandsdohomeworkwatchTV1.我在早上七点半起床.2.我们在3：30回家。3.他们在学校吃午饭。4.我十二岁。Igetupathalfpastseven.Wegohomeathalfpastthree.Theyhavelunchatschool.I’mtwelve.一般现在时一般现在时表示经常或习惯性的动作，也可表示现在的状态或主语具备的性格和能力，及普遍真理和自然规律。一、概念1.一般现在时表示现在的状态1）I’mtwelve.(我十二岁）2)Ihavethreebaseballs.（我有三个棒球）2）I’mintheclassroom（我在教室里）3）Jackisfromchina.（杰克来自中国）4）Whereismybag?（我的包在哪儿）5）Iamastudent.(我是一名学生）二、基本用法2.一般现在时表示经常性和习惯性的动作。1）Sheusuallygetsupatsixo’clock.(她通常在六点钟起床）2）HereadsEnglisheverymorning.他每天早晨读英语。一般现在时的时间标志词：often经常，usually通常，always总是，sometimes有时，never从不，everyday每天，onweekends在周末等selodm很少不常every+时间（everyyear）3）Lucynevertakesashower.(露西从不洗澡）4）Wesometimesplaybasketballafterschool.(我们有时在放学后打篮球）5）Ialwaysdomyhomeworkonweekends(我总是在周末做作业）3.一般现在时表示主语具备的性格和能力。1）ShelikesEnglish.(她喜欢英语）2）Ilikeplayingbasketballball,butdon'tlikeplayingbaseball.(我喜欢打篮球，但是我不喜欢打棒球）3）HecanspeakChinese.(他能够说英语）4）Shesingswell.(她唱歌很好听。）4.普遍真理和自然规律：1）Twoandfourissix.二加四等于六。2）Themoongoesaroundtheearth.月亮绕着地球转。3）Tenminustwoiseight.十减二等于八。4）Lighttravelsfasterthansound.光的速度比声音的速度快。5、在条件状语从句和时间状语从句中，遵从主将从现。例如：I'lltellhimthenewswhenhecomesback.他回来时，我将告诉他这个消息。Ifyoutakethejob,theywilltalkwithyouingreaterdetails.如果你接受这份工作，他们将和你谈谈细节。6、表示格言或警句。例如：Pridegoesbeforeafall.骄者必败。注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。主要通过谓语动词的变化和用时间词语来表示，其中最主要的是谓语动词的变化。一般现在时动词变化的规则是：当主语为非第三人称单数，谓语动词用原型。当主语为第三人称单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。e.g.1.Weoftengetupearlyinthemorning.2.Myfatheroftengetsupearlyinthemorning.一般现在时表达方法用一句话概括：“非你、非我、非复数”如he,she,it,myfather,mymother,mysister,ourEnglishteacher,Tom,Mike,LiuJia,China,mybook,etc.（一）第三人称单数sheheit;单个人名、地名；单数可数名词或者this/that/the+单数可数名词；不定代词someone,somebody,nobody,everything,something,anything;不可数名词；数字和字母1、一般动词，在词尾加s;如：work--live--play--sing--eg:She______(live)inNingbo.她住在宁波。动词第三人称单数变化的规则与可数名词复数变化的规则相同。（二）动词三单变化规律livesworkslivesplayssings2.以,-s,-x,-sh,-ch结尾的加-es。读作/iz/如：eg:Mymother_______(wash)thecoat.我母亲洗了大衣。washesteach----wash----miss----pass----mix----fix----push----wish----teacheswashesmissespassesmixesfixespusheswishes3.以辅音字母加y结尾的，变y为i，再加-es。注意一定是辅音字母加y才变，若是元音字母加y，则直接加-s。如：fly→try→fry→copy→buy→enjoy→play→say→pay→fliestriesfriescopiesbuysenjoysplayssayspays4.以辅音字母+o结尾的词，一般情况是在词尾加es,读作[z]godogoesdoes5.特殊情况：havebe(am,are)hasis1.be动词的一般现在时的句式：肯定句：主语+be+表语(n.,adj.等)e.g.He_____aworker.You____thirteen.They____intheclassroom.否定句：主语+be+not+表语.e.g.He_____(notbe)aworker.You______(notbe)thirteen.They______(notbe)intheclassroom.三、句式结构isarearearen’taren’tisn't一般疑问句：Be+主语+表语?e.g.___heaworker?Yes,he___./No,he___.____youthirteen?____theyintheclassroom?Yes,they___.No,they______.特殊疑问句：疑问词+be+主语?e.g.What___he?Whatcolour___thatbird?Howold___you?Where___they?IsAreArearearen’tisisn’tisisareare小结：be动词的一般现在时的句式：肯定句：主语+be+表语(n.,adj.等)否定句：主语+be+not+表语.一般疑问句：Be+主语+表语?特殊疑问句：疑问词+be+主语?2.实义动词的一般现在时句式：肯定句:主语(非三单)+v.原形+其他.1)I______(stay)athomeonSaturdays.2)They_____(have)sportseveryday.3)Myparents____(give)metenyuaneveryweek.主语（三单）+v.-s/v.-es+其他.He_______(stay)athomeonSaturdays.Lucy____(have)sportseveryday.stayhavegivestayshas否定句：主语(非三单)+don't+v.原形+其他4)I_________(notstay)athomeonSaturdays.5)They_________(not)havesportseveryday.6)Myparents________(not)givetenyuantomeeveryweek.主语(三单)+doesn't+v.原形+其他He__________(notstay)athomeonSaturdays.Lucy___________(nothave)sportseveryday.donotdoes+notdon’tstaydon’thavedon'tgivedoesn’tstaydoesn’thave一般疑问句：Do+主语(非三单)+v.原形+其他？肯定回答：Yes,主语+do.否定回答：No,主语+don't.1)___you____(stay)athomeonSaturdays?2)___they____(have)sportseveryday?Does+主语(三单)+v.原形+其他？_____he_____(stay)athomeonSaturdays?_____Lucy______(have)sportseveryday?DostayDohaveDoesDoesstayhave特殊疑问句：疑问词+do/does+主语+v.原形+其他？e.g.What___you______(want)?What_____she_____(want)?Whattime___you_____(have)lunch?Whattime____she____(have)lunch?What____you___(do)?What______she____(do)?How____you____(spell)it?How_____he_____(spell)it?dodododowanthavehavewantdodospelldoesdoesdoesdoesspell小结：(1).如果主语是I/We/You/They及名词复数，谓语动词不用做任何变化，即仍然用动词原形表示：肯定句：主语+动词原形+其他否定句：主语+don't+动词原形+其他一般疑问句：Do+主语+动词原形+其他？肯定回答:Yes，主语+do.否定回答:No，主语+don't.特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句?(2).主语是第三人称单数，肯定句:主语+动词的第三人称单数+其他否定句:主语+doesn't+动词原形+其他一般疑问句:Does+主语+动词原形+其他肯定回答:Yes，主语+does否定回答:No，主语+doesn't特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句?1.写出下列动词的三单形式go____catch___brush___wash___do____like_____have____watch___drink___fly____say____learn_____eat____read____sing____buy_____study___stay____make____look___pass___carry____come___plant(种植)___teach_______buy__________练习巩固2.用括号内动词的适当形式填空。1.Weoften_______(play)intheplayground.2.He_______(get)upatsixo’clock.3.____you______(brush)yourteetheverymorning.4.What______(do)heusually____(do)afterschool?5.Danny_______(study)English,Chinese,Maths,ScienceandArtatschool.6.Mikesometimes_______(go)totheparkwithhissister.7.Ateightatnight,sheoften_______(watch)TVwithhisparents.8._____Mike_____(read)Englisheveryday?9.Howmanylessons_____yourclassmate______(have)onMonday?10.Whattime______hismother_______(do)thehousework?3.选择题1