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WaltWhitman(1819–1892)IntroductiontoWhitmanWhitman`sPoetrySelectedReadingIntroductiontoWaltWhitman(1819–1892)•Americanpoet,essayist,journalist,andhumanist•ApartofthetransitionbetweenTranscendentalism（超验主义，先验论）andRealism•ThefatheroffreeverseBornin1819onLongIsland,NewYorkPoor&Semiliterate(半文盲的）parents,only5-6yearsformaleducation,self-educatedWorkedasofficeboy,printingworker,schoolteacher(1836),free-lancewriterWhitman’sbirthplaceIn1842hewaseditoroftheAurora[ɔ:'rɔ:rə]andfrom1846to1848hewaseditoroftheBrooklynEagleSupportedslaveryabolishing,dismissedfromhisjobServedasavolunteernurseduringtheCivilWarDiedin1892,unmarriedallhislifeWhitman’srestingplaceWhitman`sPoetryMajorWorksofWhitmanMajorThemesinHisPoetryFeaturesofWhitman’spoetryMajorWorksofWhitman•LeavesofGrass草叶集•Drum-Taps桴鼓集•SongofMyself自我之歌•ISitandLookOut坐观世间•OCaptain,MyCaptain!船长，我的船长•WhenLilacsLastintheDooryardBloom’d最近紫丁香在庭院里开放的时候•IhearAmericaSinging我听见美国在歌唱MajorThemesinHisPoetry•Equalityofthingsandbeings•Divinityofeverything•Multiplicityofnature•Self-reliantspirit•Death,beautyofdeath•ExpansionofAmerica•Brotherhoodandsocialsolidarity(unityofnationsintheworld)•PursuitofloveandhappinessFeaturesofWhitman’spoetry1.Theuseofacertainpronoun“I”2.Twoprinciples•Parallelismorarhymeofthought•Phoneticrecurrence(therepetitionofwordsorphrasesatthebeginningoftheline,inthemiddleorattheend)E.g.Icelebratemyself,andsingmyself,AndwhatIassumeyoushallassume,Foreveryatombelongingtomeasgoodbelongstoyou3.Theadoptof“freeverse”---poetrywithoutafixedbeatorregularrhymescheme4.Theuseofcolorfulwordsandvividimages(example)IthinkIcouldturnandliveawhilewiththeanimals...我想我可以和这些动物们一起住一段时间theyaresoplacidandself-contained,它们是如此的温和，自给自足Istandandlookatthemsometimeshalfthedaylong.有时候我可以大半天站着观察它们Theydonotsweatandwhineabouttheircondition,他们不出汗，也不抱怨生存条件Theydonotlieawakeinthedarkandweepfortheirsins.晚上他们也不躺下休息，而是为他们的罪过而哭泣TheydonotmakemesickdiscussingtheirdutytoGod他们向上帝陈述自己的职责，这一点都不让人讨厌Notoneisdissatisfied...没有谁是不满意的notoneisdementedwiththemaniaofowningthings,没有谁因为占有欲而发狂Notonekneelstoanother,nortohiskindthatlivedthousandsofyearsago.没有谁向谁屈尊下跪，或是盲目崇拜着他们几年前的祖先Notoneisrespectableorindustriousoverthewholeearth在这片大地上，没有谁是值得尊重或勤劳刻苦的1.Form:52sections,1346lines2.LanguageThispoemiswritteninfreeVerse,andnofixedbeatandrhythm.Thelinesarenotbalanced.ItistheuniqueformofWhitman’spoem.3.styleofwritingInthispoem,thefirstperson“I”isusedthroughoutthewholepoem.ItshowsWhitman’sstrongsenseofselfandself-confidence.Fromthepoem，wecanlearnaboutthemysteryofdeathandbirth.Andfrom“thesmallestsproutshowsthereisreallynodeath”,wecansaythatWhitmanobviouslythinksthatthesoulisthere,andiseternal.Thepoetisaimedatgraspingtheperennialeternallifeoftheuniversewithabrieflife.4.ThemeThepoemrevealsaworldofequality,withoutrankandhierarchy,andcelebratesthedignity,theself-reliantspirit,andthejoyofthecommonman.5.SocialreferenceThispoemwasrefusedbythethensocietybecauseofthechangeintheformoftraditionalpoemsandtheideaaboutsex.Butitgreatlyinfluencedthepoetryworldin20thcenturyinAmerica.6.CommentThispoemiswrittenmainlybasedonWhitman’sownexperienceinthewildvastWestfrontierofAmerica.Whenreadingthispoem,wecaneasilyfeelWhitman’switnessandthatthefreeandcasualwayofpeople’slifecontributesalottothispoem.Weloseourselvesinthebeautifulsceneryofnatureandwearedeeplyimpressedbythepoet’sactiveandpassionateattitude.