应用语言学.

AppliedLinguisticsApostgraduatecourseLectureOneIntroductionWhyshouldwestudyappliedlinguistics?Fewofuswillbecomepurelinguistsinthefuture.Ourprofessionaldevelopmentwillbecloselyrelatedtoappliedlinguistics.Appliedlinguisticsisanacademicdisciplineconcernedwiththerelationofknowledgeaboutlanguagetodecisionmakingintherealworld.MacroviewofAppliedLinguisticsExampleI:asituationinwhichdecisionsaboutlanguageneedtobetaken.(Cook,2003)Zramzshraisasmall(fictional)islandintheIndianOcean.TheZramzshraranlanguageusesauniquealphabetwhichdevelopedfromthePhoenicianalphabetwhentraderscametotheisland3,000yearsago.Zramzshra’sFinanceMinisterarguesforareforminwhichthisalphabetwillbereplacedbytheRomanalphabet(theoneusedinEnglishandmanyotherlanguages).Thischange,heargues,willmaketheisland’slifeeasierandmoreprosperous,withbenefitsforEnglishteaching,computer-mediatedcommunication,trade,andtourism.Isthisthebestpolicy?Howtoanswerthequestion?Justrelyonourcommonsenseorexperience?Wearefacingadilemma.Weneedtocarryoutaninvestigationwithasystematicapproach.First,whathaveotherpeoplesaidonsimilarmatterswithinandoutoftheisland?Then,whatisthecoreinterestsoftheisland?Whatisworthlosing?Next,whataredifferentpeople’spointsofview?Quantitativeandqualitativeanalysisofthecollecteddata.Yourconclusion.Linguistictheories,methods,andfindingscanbeappliedtoawidedomainvaryingfromnaturallanguageprocessingandmachinetranslation,stylistics,lexicographytolanguageplanningandclinicalanalysisofdisordersofspoken,written,orsignedlanguage.ThisisthemacroviewofappliedlinguisticswhichdealswithThestudyoflanguageandlinguisticsinrelationtopracticalproblems.18topicareaslistedbyAmericanAssociationofAppliedLinguistics(2002)LanguageanditsacquisitionLanguageandassessmentLanguageandthebrainLanguageandcognitionLanguageandcultureLanguageandideology本作品采用知识共享署名-非商业性使用2.5中国大陆许可协议进行许可。专业交流模板超市设计服务本作品的提供是以适用知识共享组织的公共许可（简称“CCPL”或“许可”）条款为前提的。本作品受著作权法以及其他相关法律的保护。对本作品的使用不得超越本许可授权的范围。如您行使本许可授予的使用本作品的权利，就表明您接受并同意遵守本许可的条款。在您接受这些条款和规定的前提下，许可人授予您本许可所包括的权利。查看全部…NordriDesign™中国专业PowerPoint媒体设计与开发LanguageandinstructionLanguageandinteractionLanguageandlisteningLanguageandmediaLanguageandpolicyLanguageandreadingLanguageandresearchmethodologyLanguageandsocietyLanguageandspeakingLanguageandtechnologyLanguageandtranslation/interpretationLanguageandwriting本作品采用知识共享署名-非商业性使用2.5中国大陆许可协议进行许可。专业交流模板超市设计服务本作品的提供是以适用知识共享组织的公共许可（简称“CCPL”或“许可”）条款为前提的。本作品受著作权法以及其他相关法律的保护。对本作品的使用不得超越本许可授权的范围。如您行使本许可授予的使用本作品的权利，就表明您接受并同意遵守本许可的条款。在您接受这些条款和规定的前提下，许可人授予您本许可所包括的权利。查看全部…NordriDesign™中国专业PowerPoint媒体设计与开发Microviewofappliedlinguistics应用语言学从广义来讲，涵盖了所有与语言有关的研究领域，从狭义来讲，则是一门与外语教学息息相关的学问。SchmittandCelce-MurciaOutofthesenumerousareas,thedominantapplicationhasalwaysbeentheteachingandlearningofsecondorforeignlanguages.Thestudyofsecondandforeignlanguagelearningandteachingcanbeunderstoodasthemicroviewofappliedlinguistics.Weshalladoptthisviewinourcourse.FocusesHowtolearnaforeignlanguage?Howtoteachaforeignlanguage?Howtodoaresearchonforeignlanguagelearningandteaching?—AbusinessexecutivewantstolearnJapaneseinpreparationfortakingupapostinTokyo.Therearethreecoursesavailable.CourseOnehasastrongemphasisonlearningtowrite.CourseTwofocusesonthespokenlanguage,claimingthatlearningtowritetooearlyisdemotivating.Itdoes,however,explaintherulesofJapanesegrammarinEnglishandusetranslation.CourseThree’sapproachis“natural”，withnotranslationorexplanationofrules,butonlyaseriesofcommunicativeclassroomactivitiesandtasks.Whichcourseisthebestchoice,andwhy?ExampleII:asituationinwhichdecisionsaboutlanguageneedtobetaken.(Cook,2003)Lewis(1993)Mostteachersare,consciouslyorunconsciously,product-oriented.……Learning,ontheotherhand,isprocess-oriented.inputaknownmodel?output面向结果input?output面向过程AppliedLinguisticsissynthetic.input?outputExampleclassroomdesirableL2exposureL2performancefactors:cognitioncommunicationmotivation…Thebestcoursemustbedesignedtomeetthedemandofthespecificlearners.Appliedlinguisticsisaprocess-orientedscienceAppliedlinguisticsisaninterdisciplinaryscience应用型的交叉学科其基本特点是在学科间起中介（mediating）作用，即把各种与外语教学有关的理论学科（不只限于语言学）的成果应用到外语教学中去，同时也通过外语教学实践来验证和补充理论研究的成果。LinguisticsDisciplinesLinguisticLD*phonology*syntax*semantics*pragmatics,etc.LRDALERDLinguistics-relatedDisciplinesEducation-relatedDisciplines*sociolinguistics*educationaltheories*educational*psycholinguisticsmeasurment*educationaltechnology*computationaletc.linguisticsLLT*neurolinguisticsetc.WiddowsonThefunctionofappliedlinguisticsshouldnotmerelybetotransmitfindingsfromlinguisticstothoseinvolvedwithlanguagerelatedproblems.Itshouldratherbetomediatebetweenlinguistictheoryandprofessionalpractice,makingeachrelevanttotheother.Theroleofappliedlinguisticsasamediator(乐眉云)本课程是对所有学过的知识的梳理和运用是提高元认知和教学能力的课程是培训结合外语教学做科研的课程Linguistics,etc.AppliedlinguisticsLanguageteaching,etc.Majorconcernofappliedlinguistics:ImplicationsratherthanapplicationsAL&SLA严格说来，与外语教学有着千丝万缕联系的，不仅是应用语言学一个学科领域，还有一个与其并行发展起来的，相互影响甚至彼此交融的学科领域，那就是第二语言习得。第二语言习得作为一个独立的领域，只有四十余年历史，起源于对第二语言学习者所产生的语误的探讨，致力于揭示学习者头脑中第二语言的知识状态，即过渡语的发展规律。第二语言