阅读理解—细节题、猜词题突破

第三讲细节理解题一、提问方法1.问对错Whichofthefollowingistrue/nottrue?Allthestatementsaretrueexcept_________Whichofthefollowingstatementsis(not)mentionedinthepassage?2.问细节点Who,what,which,when,where,why,how的提问。3.问加工细节排序题:：Whichistherightorderoftheeventsgiveninthepassage?计算题：对门票、学费等进行简单的计算。图形题：二、解题方法1.审题——找到问题中的关键词；1.定位——回到文章中进行定位；（注意：在阅读文章时要对关键词事先进行标记，以便审题后迅速定位）找关键词：关键词一般是醒目的词汇及实词，比如：数字、大写、人名、地名、时间状语、复合词、中文解释，标点符号(“”，—，下划线等)找关键词三原则：(1)尽量避免用中心词和常用词作关键词。(2)答案ABCD里有3-4个相同的词，一般是关键词。(3)用关键词在文章中找到问题的出处，可能是关键词的重复或者是同反义词的转述。出题点：强转折：两个虽然（although,while）三个但是（but,yet,however）两个事实（infact,actually）两个尽管（despite,inspiteof）强对比：other,ontheotherhand,today,now强因果：because,since,for,so,thus,therefore,conclude序数词、最高级并特别注意宾从、定从和状从！细节事实题还要十分注意句子的非主干成分，如定语、状语、补语等，这些成分都是出题者常进行误导的落脚点。2.分析理解，选项是哪个——排除法错误选项有哪些？陷阱大揭密陷阱一：偷换数量较多量：many,most,lotsof较少量：little,few特别警惕一个词only文章中可能是多个，题干中说only一个。（2013江苏盐城）Oftenaprizeisgiventojustoneperson，butnotalways.Sometimesaprizeisshared．Itmaybegiventotwoormorepeoplewhohaveworkedtogether.Itisalsosometimestruethataprizeisnotgivenatallifthereisnogreatachievement.In1972,forexample,noNobelPeacePrizewasgiven.4.HowmanypersonsisaNoblePrizegivento?A．Notalwaysoneperson．B．Twopersons．C．Onlyoneperson．D．Threepersons陷阱二、偷换概念扩大/缩小概念范围：警惕everything,everywhere,everyone比如常把something换成everything（2013浙江嘉兴）Creditcardsfirstbecamepopularinthe1920s,Atthattime,businesses,suchashotelsandcompanies,gavecreditcardstotheirbestcustomers(顾客).Unliketoday'screditcards,customerscouldonlyusethesecardsattheStoreorbusinessthatgaveoutthecard.Customershadtopayforthingsinfull.Theycouldn'tpayforsomethingalittleatatime.1.Whatcanweknowabouttheearliercreditcardsfromthepassage?A.Theycouldbeusedeverywhere.B.Customershadtopayforthingsinfull.C.Theywereverypopularbeforethe1920s.D.Everyonecouldgetthiskindofcreditcard.陷阱三：偷换确定性和不确定性表达原文中可能本是推测、可能、也许，而题干中换成必然、绝对(possibly,can,maybe——must,can’t,never)或者在题干中加入了否定前缀。例如：文章中是happy,而题干中换成了unhappy。（2012唐山）Somechildrenfeelitisverydifficulttodotheirhomework,becausetheycan’tunderstandtheirteacherclearly,andcan’tfollowtheirteacher’steachingprocess(过程).Maybethereissomethingwrongwiththeirintelligence.Butsomechildren’sintelligenceisnormal.Theyareevencleverer,buttheydon’tlistentotheteachercarefully.Itishardforthemtositwellandpayattentiontoanything.Itneedstocarryontheattentioncentralized(集中注意力)trainingtohelpthechildren.Somechildrenfindthehomeworkdifficult.WhichreasonisNOTright?A.Theycan’tunderstandtheirteacherclearlyB.Theycan’tfollowtheirteacher’steachingprocessC.Theintelligenceofallthestudentsisn’tnormalD.Theydon’tlistentotheteachercarefully陷阱四：偷换逻辑◆因果倒置◆充分条件和必要条件混合◆并列混淆成因果关系陷阱五：偷换时态警惕完成时，文章中可能是即将完成，题干中偷换成了已经完成。（2013江西）DNAisthewhole“map”ofthehumanbody.Itissomethingthatallhumanshave,andittellsthebodywhattodo.DNAisthereasonthatwelooklikeourparents,becausewegetsomeoftheirDNAtomakeourown.Peoplehavebeentryingtounderstandthehumanbodyforalongtime.InI860,Mr.Mendeldiscoveredwhywelookthesameasotherpeopleinourfamily.Itisbecauseofsmallthingscalled“genes”（基因）inourbody.In1953,twoscientists,WatsonandCrick,foundoutthatthosesmallpartsarereallymessages.They’rewrittenintheDNAwithaspeciallanguage.In1961,anothertwoscientistsfoundthefirst“word”thattheycouldunderstandinthatlanguage.ItshowshowDNAtellsthecell(细胞）tobuilditsparts,sofarscientistshavefoundallthewordsintheDNAmap,butwestilldonotunderstandwhattheyalldo.Byunderstandingwhatjustone“word”means,wecanhelptosavepeoplefromseveralillnesses.Sothemoreweunderstand,themoredoctorswillbeabletodo.Mostpeoplehopethatthiswillhelptomakebettermedicineandhelpsickpeople:Otherpeopleworrythatwhenwecanlearnmore“words”andfindoutmoreinformation,wewilluseitinthewrongway,justtomakepeoplemoreattractive(有吸引力的),orstopsickpeoplegettingjobs.根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。1.WhendidMr.Mendeldiscoverwhywelookthesameasotherpeopleinourfamily?A.In2000.B.In1961.C.In1953.D.In1860.2.Whatdidthetwoscientistsfindin1961?Theyfound______.A.allthewordsintheDNAmapB.smallthingscalled“genes”inourbodyC.thefirst“word”theycouldunderstandinthatlanguageD.thosesmallpartsarewrittenintheDNAwithaspeciallanguage3.Howcanwehelpsickpeopleifweunderstandmore“words”intheDNAmap?A.Makebettermedicine.B.Makethemgetjobs.C.Makemapsforthem.D.Makethemattractive.4.Whichoneisnottrueaccordingtothearticle?A.Welooklikeourparentsbecauseof“genes”inourbody.B.WehaveunderstoodwhatallthewordsintheDNAmapdo.C.DNAisthewhole“map”ofthehumanbody.D.DNAtellsthecelltobuilditsparts.5.WhatdopeoplethinkaboutthisresearchaboutDNA?A.Itcanbeonlybad.B.Itcanbeonlygood.C.Itcanbegoodbutwon’twork.D.Itcanbegoodandbad.（2013江西）Shouldwebeafraidofsharks?Maybenot.Newresearchintothereasonsforsharkattacks(攻击)suggeststhatsharksdon’tlikethewayhumanstaste!Infact,mostpeoplewhoareattackedbythesharkarestillaliveafterreceivingonlyonebite(咬).Whyisthis?Therearemanyopinionstoexplainwhysharkssometimesattackpeople.Oneopinionisthatsharksarejustcurious(好奇的).Weknowthatsharksarethestrongestanimalsintheirenvironment,sotheyarenotafraidofanything.Naturally,thatmeanstheyarecuriouswhentheymeetsomethingunusual.Becausetheydon’thavehandsorfeet.,theonlywaytheycanf