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Tenses:1.theSimplePresent/Past2.theContinuousTense3.theFutureTense4.thePerfectTenseVoices:thepassivevoice一般现在时：表示经常性或习惯性的行为状态,常带有usually,often,always,sometimes,never,seldom,forever,everyday等时间状语。肯定句1.主语+原形动词或单数第三人称形式+其他成分Iusuallygetupatsixinthemorning.ItoftenrainsinBeijinginsummer.疑问句Do+主语+动词原形+…Does+主语(三单)+动词原形+…Dotheboysoftenplayfootballafterclass?DoesheoftenhelpyouwithyourEnglish?否定句主语+don’t+动词原形主语(三单)+doesn’t+动词原形Theboysdon’tplayfootballafterclass.Mymotherdoesn’twatchTVintheevening.其他用法：1.表示普遍真理。Hetoldustheearthmovesroundthesun.2.表示状态和感觉的动词常用一般现在时.如：love,like,hope,prefer,know,belong,seem,look,mind,sound,smell,taste,fit,suit,want,see等。Wewanttoreadthebooks.3.在时间状语从句或条件状语从句中,当主句用将来时,从句则必须用一般现在时态.(主将从现)Shewillgotoseeyouassoonasshegetstheretomorrow.Iwon’tleaveuntilshecomesback.I’llgiveittohimwhenIseehim.Ifitdoesn’train,we’llgotothezoo.表示过去某个时间发生的动作或情况,带有过去的时间状语,例如:yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday,lastweek,amonthago,justnow,in+过去时间(in1998)等.WesawafilmlastSunday.一般过去时肯定句:主语+过去式+其他Hehadacoldlastweek.否定句:主语+didn’t+动词原形+其他Hedidn’thaveacold.疑问句:Did+主语+动词原形+其他Didhehaveacoldlastweek?过去时应注意：1.没有人称的区别.2.可以用于含有‘过去进行时’或‘过去完成时’的复合中.Whentheteachercamein,thestudentswerereadingEnglish.Whenhegottothecinema,Thefilmhadalreadybegun.动词过去式规则变化1.在动词原形后直接+edworkworkedcleancleaned2.以e结尾只加ddancedancedlivelived3.辅音字母+y结尾,去掉y+iedstudystudiedcarrycarried4.以重读闭音节结尾词尾只有一个辅音字母,先双写最后一个辅音字母再+edstopstopped现在进行时肯定句:主语+(am/is/are)+现在分词+否定句:主语+(am/is/are)not+现在分词疑问句:Am/Is/Are+主语+现在分词现在进行时的用法A.表示说话时正在进行或发生的动作常与now,look,listen连用1.Look!Whatishedoing?2.Theyaresinginghappilynow.3.Listen!TheyarespeakingEnglish.B:表示目前阶段正在进行的动作，而说话时动作不一定在进行.1.MrSmithiswritingabookthesedays.2.Theworkersarebuildinganewfactory.现在分词的构成1.一般直接在动词后+ingworking,playing,reading,cleaning2.以不发音的e结尾去掉e+ingdance---dancing,live---living3.一重读闭音节结尾,词尾只有一个辅音字母,先双写最后一个辅音字母再+ingcut---cutting,run---running过去进行时：肯定:was/were+现在分词否定:was/werenot+现在分词疑问:Was/Were+主+现在分词表示过去某一时间或一段时间内正在进行的动作,与过去进行时连用的时间状thistimeyesterday,at7:00yesterdaymorning,from…to…lastnight,或由when/while引导的时间状语从句1.Itwasrainingthistimeyesterday.2.TheywerehavinglunchwhenIcamein.WewerehavinganEnglishclassfromtentoelevenyesterday.WhileIwasdoingmyhomework,thetelephonerang.在叙述事情时,常用过去进行时描述故事发生的时间背景.1.Onedayhewaswalkingalongthestreet...一般将来时1.表示将要发生的动作或情况。常伴有表示将来的时间状语：tomorrow,thedayaftertomorrow,nextweek,soon,in+段时间等。I’llbebackinaminute.2.结构：肯定句:主语+will+动词原形+其他否定句:主语+won’t+动词原形+其他疑问句:will+主语+动词原形+其他Iwillthinkitoveragain.Hewillvisitthemuseumsoon.Theywon’tgotheretomorrow.ShallI(we)+动词原形+其他?我(我们)做某事好吗?Shallwegooutforawalk?It’sveryhot.ShallIopenthewindow?过去将来时would+动词原形3.过去将来时主要用在宾语从句中,主句动词是过去时,从句中要用过去将来时。Hesaidthattheywouldplanttreesnextweek.TheteachertolduswewouldhaveanEnglishtest.含有表示打算、准备做的事或即将发生或肯定要发生的动作情况时，用：主语+begoingto+动原I’mgoingtoseethefilmthisevening.动词come,go,leave,have,play,get等可用现在进行时表示按计划即将要发生的事。TheyareleavingforShanghainextmonth.ThePresentPerfectTense现在完成时:主语+have(has)+过去分词A:表示过去发生的动作对现在的影响和结果(已完成).常带有:already已经,ever曾经,never从没有,yet仍然,just刚刚,before以前等时间状语.1.Ihavealreadyfinishedmyhomework.2.Hehasn’tcomeyet.3.“havegoneto”(去了…)“havebeento”(去过了…)B:表示过去开始的动作一直延续到现在.句中常有for+时间段orsince+过去时的从句或短语.IhavelivedinBeijingformorethanthirtyyears.(sincethirtyyearsago,sinceIwasborn)常用的非延续性动词：leave,go(beaway)die(bedead)buy(have)finish(beover)join(bein)come,arrive(bein+place)begin,start(beon)borrow,lend(keep)ThePastPerfectTense:过完时:主+had+过分表示“过去的过去”A:表示在过去某一时间之前已发生的动作,常与by…(到...为止)和bytheendof…引导的时间状语连用.1.Bylastyear,Ihadbeenateacherfor12years.2.Bytheendoflastweek,theyhadfinishedthebook.3.Bythen,wehadplantedmanytreesonthehill.B:常用在含有过去时的宾语从句或时间状语从句中.1.WhenIgothome,hehadleft.(Tomwasplaying)2.Shetoldme(that)shehadseenthefilm.被动语态被动语态的主语是动作的承受者。被动语态往往不强调动作的执行者，或不必要说出动作的执行者。Ourclassroomiscleanedeveryday.Manytreeswereplantedonthehilllastyear.Atalkwillbegivennextweek.PassiveVoice结构:主语+be+P.Pbysb.(可省)主动语态(ActiveVoice)主语谓语动词宾语被动语态主语be+P.Pby+sb.(可省)1.am/is/are+P.P(一般现在时)Myroomiscleanedeveryday.Icleanmyroomeveryday.2.was/were+P.P(一般过去时)Myroomwascleanedyesterday.Icleanedmyroomyesterday.3.willbe+P.P(一般将来时)Myroomwillbecleanedtomorrow.Iwillcleanmyroomtomorrow.4.情态动词的被动语态can/may/mustbe+P.PTheclockcanberepairedintwohours.双宾语的主动语态变被动语态可以改变任一宾语为主语。Theteacherwillgiveusalecturenextweek.1.Alecturewillbegiventous(bytheteacher)nextweek.2.Wewillbegivenalecture(bytheteacher)nextweek.主动语态中后接动原的动词变为被动语态，动词后接不定式。Thebossmadethemwork12hoursaday.Theyweremadetowork12hoursadaybytheboss.1.情态动词的被动语态由：情态动词+be+P.PYourroommustbecleanedbyyouatonce.2.动词短语的被动语态:不能丢掉动词后的介词或副词Thelightswereturnedoffquickly.PS:被动语态并不适用所有的情况。Theybuiltabridgeovertheriver.Abridgewasbuiltovertheriver.2.Theywillfinishthebooknextmonth.Thebookwillbefinishedbythemnextmonth.3.Youmustkeepyourclassroomclean.Yourclassroommustbekeptclean.4.Peopleplanttreeseveryyear.Treesareplantedbythepeopleeveryyear.5.Theydidn’tgrowtreesinthepast.6.Theycan’tcutdownthetrees.7.Thefarmersgrowriceinthesouth.Treesweren’tgrowninthepast.Thetreescan’tbecutdownbythem.Riceisgrowninthesouth.