高一英语被动语态

被动语态（thePassiveVoice)一．语态语态是表示主语和谓语的关系的。如果主语是动作的执行者，动词要用主动语态；如果主语是动作的承受者，动词就要用被动语态。二．被动语态的基本结构be+过去分词（人称.数.时态的变化都体现在助动词be的变化上）三.被动语态适用情况1当我们不知道动作的执行者时；2我们不必提出动作执行者时；3要强调动作承受者时；4出于行文的需要四.主动句与被动句的转换主动句的结构：主语+谓语+宾语+其它成分被动句的结构：宾语+be+动词过去分词+by+主语(宾格)+其它成分　　　　　　　　　可以省略e.g.1.PeopleuseEnglishfreely.(主动句）Englishisused(bypeople)freely.(被动句）五．被动语态的八种时态（时态是表示行为．动作和状态在各种时　　间条件下的动词形式）１．一般现在时结构：主语　＋　am/is/are+过去分词e.g.主动句：Shecleansherroomeveryday.被动句：Herroomiscleaned(byher)everyday.(肯定句）　　否定句：Herroomisn’tcleaned(byher)everyday.一般疑问句：Isherroomcleaned(byher)everyday?注意：被动句的be助动词的变化应按被动句中新主语的人称和数而变化，其时态应与主动句的时态一致．2.一般过去时结构：主语　＋　was/were+过去分词e.g.主动句：TheworkersmadetheVCDlastweek.被动句：TheVCDwasmadebytheworkerslastweek.(肯定句)否定句:TheVCDwasn’tmadebytheworkerslastweek.一般疑问句：WastheVCDmadebytheworkerslastweek?3.一般将来时结构：主语　＋　willbe+过去分词e.g.主动句：MyfatherwillsendmetoAmericasoon.被动句：　　　肯定句：IwillbesenttoAmericabymyfathersoon.否定句：Iwon’tbesenttoAmericabymyfathersoon.　一般疑问句：WillyoubesenttoAmericabyyourfathersoon?4.过去将来时结构：主语　＋wouldbe+过去分词e.g.主动句：Hesaidhewouldpunishthenaughtyboytonight.被动句:肯定句：Hesaidthenaughtyboywouldbepunishedbyhimtonight.　　　　　　　　　　否定句：Hesaidthenaughtyboywouldn’tbepunishedbyhimtonight.5.现在进行时结构：主语　＋　am/is/are+being+过去分词e.g.主动句：Heistellingastorynow.被动句：肯定句：Astoryisbeingtoldbyhimnow.　　　否定句：Astoryisn’tbeingtoldbyhimnow.一般疑问句：Isastorybeingtoldbyhimnow?　　　　　　　6.过去进行时结构：主语　＋　was/were+being+过去分词e.g.主动句：HewastellingastorywhenIcamein.被动句：　　　肯定句：AstorywasbeingtoldbyhimwhenIcamein.否定句：Astorywasn’tbeingtoldbyhimwhenIcamein.　一般疑问句：WasastorybeingtoldbyhimwhenIcamein?7.现在完成时结构：主语　＋　have/has+　been　+　过去分词e.g.主动句:Theboyhasfinishedthework.被动句:肯定句:Theworkhasbeenfinishedbytheboy.否定句:Theworkhasn’tbeenfinishedbytheboy.一般疑问句:Hastheworkbeenfinishedbytheboy?8.过去完成时结构:主语+had+been+过去分词e.g.主动句:Theyhadbuilttenbuildingsby2003.被动句:肯定句:Tenbuildingshadbeenbuiltbythemby2003.否定句:Tenbuildingshadn’tbeenbuiltbythemby2003.一般疑问句:Hadtenbuildingsbeenbuiltbythemby2003?11.Wehavefinishedourcompositions.Ourcompositionshavebeenfinishedbyus.12.Wecanusetheboxasatable.Theboxcanbeusedasatablebyus.13.Weshouldcleantheclassroomeveryday.Theclassroomshouldbecleanedeverydaybyus.