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中华英语学习网官方总站：圣才学习网官方总站：圣才学习网中华英语学习网官方总站：圣才学习网■LanguageandLiterature■Whatislanguage?Languageisasetofcommonlyacceptedsignsandformsofcommunicationconsideredpeculiartohumankind.■Whatisliterature?Literatureisatermusedtodescribewrittentextswhicharemarkedbycarefuluseoflanguage(includingcreativemetaphors,well-turnedphrases,elegantsyntax,rhyme,alliteration,meteretc.)inaliterarygenre(poetry,prosefiction,drama)■Whatistherelationshipbetweenlanguageandliterature?(1)Literatureiscloselyrelatedtolanguage.Itreachestohumanbeingsmostlyvialanguage.Sowecansaytheexistenceofliteratureisbasedontheuseoflanguage.(2)Literarylanguagehassomespeciallinguisticcharacteristics.Literatureismarkedbycarefuluseoflanguage,suchascreativemetaphors,well-turnedphrases,elegantsyntax,rhyme,alliteration,meteretc.Thelanguageusedinliteratureisquiteoftendifferentfromlanguageusedinotherfields,suchaseverydayuse.(3)Literaturehasenrichedlanguageandisapushingforceinitschangeanddevelopment.Studyingthelanguageofliterarytextscanenhanceourappreciationofthedifferentsystemsoflanguage,becausetheliterarytextsoftenrevealthenatureofthelanguageinwhichtheyarewritten.9.1Introduction中华英语学习网官方总站：圣才学习网■Style,StylisticsandLiteraryStylistics■Stylereferstovariationinthelanguageuseofanindividual,suchasformal/informalstyle,oral/writtenstyleetc.■Literarystylereferstowaysofwritingemployedinliteratureandbyindividualwriters;thewaythemindoftheauthorexpressesitselfinwords.■Stylistics■abranchoflinguisticsthat“studiesthefeaturesofsituationallydistinctiveuses(varieties)oflanguage,andtriestoestablishprinciplescapableofaccountingfortheparticularchoicesmadebyindividualandsocialgroupsintheiruseoflanguage.”(Crystal1980)■thestudyofvarietiesoflanguagewhosepropertiespositionthatlanguageincontext.Forexample,thelanguageofadvertising,politics,religion,individualauthors,etc.,orthelanguageofaperiodintime,allbelonginaparticularsituation.Inotherwords,theyallhave‘place’.■alsoattemptstoestablishprinciplescapableofexplainingtheparticularchoicesmadebyindividualsandsocialgroupsintheiruseoflanguage.■Otherfeaturesofstylisticsincludetheuseofdialogue,includingregionalaccentsandpeople’sdialects,descriptivelanguage,theuseofgrammar,suchastheactivevoiceorpassivevoice,thedistributionofsentencelengths,theuseofparticularlanguageregisters,etc.■LiteraryStylisticsisthebridgethatconnectslinguisticsandliterarycriticism.Itstudieshowtheauthorexpressesthethemeandenhancestheaestheticeffectsofthetextthroughhisparticularchoicesoflanguage.Toputitsimply,itfocusesonthestudyoflinguisticfeaturesrelatedtoliterarystyle.中华英语学习网官方总站：圣才学习网■Asabranchoflinguistics,stylisticsalsodevelopswithandisinfluencedbytheotherschoolsandtrendsoflinguisticstudy.The1960swasadecadeofformalism,the1970sadecadeoffunctionalism,the1980sadecadeofdiscoursestylistics,andthe1990sadecadeinwhichsocio-historicalandsocio-culturalstylisticstudiesareamainpreoccupation.(CarterandSimpson,1989)Inadditiontothis,thereisatrendofplural-headsdevelopment”(Shen,2000),i.e.differentschoolsofstylisticscompetefordevelopmentandnewschoolsemergeeverynowandthen.Thecognitiveapproachtoliteratureisacaseinpoint.中华英语学习网官方总站：圣才学习网一、选择题“formal”and“informal”arefeaturesof.[对外经济贸易大学2005研]A.slangB.linguafrancaC.styleD.jargon【答案】C二、填空题Thepartoflinguisticsthatstudiesthelanguageofliteratureiscalled.Itfocusesonthestudyoflinguisticfeaturesrelatedtoliterarystyle.[人大2006研]【答案】stylistics三、论述题Whatistherelationshipbetweenlanguageandliterature?[中山大学2006研]【答案】(1)Literatureiscloselyrelatedtolanguage.Itreachestohumanbeingsmostlyvialanguage.Sowecansaytheexistenceofliteratureisbasedontheuseoflanguage.(2)Literarylanguagehassomespeciallinguisticcharacteristics.Literatureismarkedbycarefuluseoflanguage,suchascreativemetaphors,well-turnedphrases,elegantsyntax,rhyme,alliteration,meteretc.Thelanguageusedinliteratureisquiteoftendifferentfromlanguageusedinotherfields,suchaseverydayuse.(3)Literaturehasenrichedlanguageandisapushingforceinitschangeanddevelopment.Studyingthelanguageofliterarytextscanenhanceourappreciationofthedifferentsystemsoflanguage,becausetheliterarytextsoftenrev