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维也纳条约法公约（英文版）SIGNEDATVIENNA23May1969ENTRYINTOFORCE:27January1980TheStatesPartiestothepresentConventionConsideringthefundamentalroleoftreatiesinthehistoryofinternationalrelations,Recognizingtheever-increasingimportanceoftreatiesasasourceofinternationallawandasameansofdevelopingpeacefulco-operationamongnations,whatevertheirconstitutionalandsocialsystems,Notingthattheprinciplesoffreeconsentandofgoodfaithandthepactasuntservandaruleareuniversallyrecognized,Affirmingthatdisputesconcerningtreaties,likeotherinternationaldisputes,shouldbesettledbypeacefulmeansandinconformitywiththeprinciplesofjusticeandinternationallaw,RecallingthedeterminationofthepeoplesoftheUnitedNationstoestablishconditionsunderwhichjusticeandrespectfortheobligationsarisingfromtreatiescanbemaintained,HavinginmindtheprinciplesofinternationallawembodiedintheCharteroftheUnitedNations,suchastheprinciplesoftheequalrightsandself-determinationofpeoples,ofthesovereignequalityandindependenceofallStates,ofnon-interferenceinthedomesticaffairsofStates,oftheprohibitionofthethreatoruseofforceandofuniversalrespectfor,andobservanceof,humanrightsandfundamentalfreedomsforall,BelievingthatthecodificationandprogressivedevelopmentofthelawoftreatiesachievedinthepresentConventionwillpromotethepurposesoftheUnitedNationssetforthintheCharter,namely,themaintenanceofinternationalpeaceandsecurity,thedevelopmentoffriendlyrelationsandtheachievementofco-operationamongnations,AffirmingthattherulesofcustomaryinternationallawwillcontinuetogovernquestionsnotregulatedbytheprovisionsofthepresentConvention,Haveagreedasfollows:PARTIINTRODUCTIONArticle1ScopeofthepresentConventionThepresentConventionappliestotreatiesbetweenStates.Article2Useofterms1.ForthepurposesofthepresentConvention:(a)'treaty'meansaninternationalagreementconcludedbetweenStatesinwrittenformandgovernedbyinternationallaw,whetherembodiedinasingleinstrumentorintwoormorerelatedinstrumentsandwhateveritsparticulardesignation;(b)'ratification','acceptance','approval'and'accession'meanineachcasetheinternationalactsonamedwherebyaStateestablishesontheinternationalplaneitsconsenttobeboundbyatreaty;(c)'fullpowers'meansadocumentemanatingfromthecompetentauthorityofaStatedesignatingapersonorpersonstorepresenttheStatefornegotiating,adoptingorauthenticatingthetextofatreaty,forexpressingtheconsentoftheStatetobeboundbyatreaty,orforaccomplishinganyotheractwithrespecttoatreaty;(d)'reservation'meansaunilateralstatement,howeverphrasedornamed,madebyaState,whensigning,ratifying,accepting,approvingoraccedingtoatreaty,wherebyitpurportstoexcludeortomodifythelegaleffectofcertainprovisionsofthetreatyintheirapplicationtothatState;(e)'negotiatingState'meansaStatewhichtookpartinthedrawingupandadoptionofthetextofthetreaty;(f)'contractingState'meansaStatewhichhasconsentedtobeboundbythetreaty,whetherornotthetreatyhasenteredintoforce;(g)'party'meansaStatewhichhasconsentedtobeboundbythetreatyandforwhichthetreatyisinforce;(h)'thirdState'meansaStatenotapartytothetreaty;(i)'internationalorganization'meansanintergovernmentalorganization.2.Theprovisionsofparagraph1regardingtheuseoftermsinthepresentConventionarewithoutprejudicetotheuseofthosetermsortothemeaningswhichmaybegiventothemintheinternallawofanyState.Article3InternationalagreementsnotwithinthescopeofthepresentConventionThefactthatthepresentConventiondoesnotapplytointernationalagreementsconcludedbetweenStatesandothersubjectsofinternationallaworbetweensuchothersubjectsofinternationallaw,ortointernationalagreementsnotinwrittenform,shallnotaffect:(a)thelegalforceofsuchagreements;(b)theapplicationtothemofanyoftherulessetforthinthepresentConventiontowhichtheywouldbesubjectunderinternationallawindependentlyoftheConvention;(c)theapplicationoftheConventiontotherelationsofStatesasbetweenthemselvesunderinternationalagreementstowhichothersubjectsofinternationallawarealsoparties.Article4Non-retroactivityofthepresentConventionWithoutprejudicetotheapplicationofanyrulessetforthinthepresentConventiontowhichtreatieswouldbesubjectunderinternationallawindependentlyoftheConvention,theConventionappliesonlytotreatieswhichareconcludedbyStatesaftertheentryintoforceofthepresentConventionwithregardtosuchStates.Article5TreatiesconstitutinginternationalorganizationsandtreatiesadoptedwithinaninternationalorganizationThepresentConventionappliestoanytreatywhichistheconstituentinstrumentofaninternationalorganizationandtoanytreatyadoptedwithinaninternationalorganizationwithoutprejudicetoanyrelevantrulesoftheorganization.PARTIICONCLUSIONANDENTRYINTOFORCEOFTREATIESSECTION1.CONCLUSIONOFTREATIESArticle6CapacityofStatestoconcludetreatiesEveryStatepossessescapacitytoconcludetreaties.Article7Fullpowers1.ApersonisconsideredasrepresentingaStateforthepurposeofadoptingorauthenticatingthetextofatreatyorforthepurposeofexpressingtheconsentoftheStatetobeboundbyatreatyif:(a)heproducesappropriatefullpowers;or(b)itappearsfromthepracticeoftheStatesconcernedorfromothercircumstancesthattheirintentionwastoconsiderthatpersonasrepresentingtheStateforsuchpurpos