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初中英语被动语态小结一、语态概述1.一般现在时:am/is/are+spoken2.一般过去时:was/were+spoken3.一般将来时:will/shallbe+spoken4.现在进行时:am/is/arebeing+spoken5.过去进行时:was/werebeing+spoken6.现在完成时:have/hasbeen+spoken7.过去完成时:hadbeen+spoken三、被动语态的用法(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。例如:Somenewcomputerswerestolenlastnight.一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电脑是谁偷的)Thisbridgewasfoundedin1981.这座桥竣工于1981年。(2)强调动作的承受者,而不强调动作的执行者。例如:TheglasswasbrokenbyMike.玻璃杯是迈克打破的。Thisbookwaswrittenbyhim.这本书是他写的。Yourhomeworkmustbefinishedontime.你们的家庭作业必须及时完成。四、主动语态变被动语态的方法(1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。(2)把谓语变成被动结构(be+过去分词)(根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数,以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。(3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语,将主格改为宾格。例如:Allthepeoplelaughedathim.Hewaslaughedatbyallpeople.Theymakethebikesinthefactory.Thebikesaremadebytheminthefactory.Hecutdownatree.Atreewascutdownbyhim.五、含有情态动词的被动语态含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时,由情态动词+be+过去分词构成,原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后to仍要保留。Wecanrepairthiswatchintwodays.Thiswatchcanberepairedintwodays.Theyshoulddoitatonce.Itshouldbedoneatonce.六、特殊情况1.makehearnoticeseelet2.双宾语3.主动表被动：1、Need,want,require（要求，需要）,deserve(应得，值得),beworth值得），notbear(经不住)后面接doing主动表被动。Thebookisworthreading.这本书值得一读。Theoldbuildingrequiresrepairing.这座古建筑需要修了。Theseyoungseedlingswillrequire/needlookingafter(=needtobelookedafter)这些幼苗将需要小心的照管。Yourhai你的头发该剪了。2、不定式作定语，放在被修饰词后面，与前面被修饰的名词或代词有动宾关系，又在句子中与另一名词或代词有主谓关系，不定式要用主动表被动含义。Ihavemuchworktodo.我有许多要做的事情。（与work有动宾关系，与I有主谓关系）Tomislookingforaroomtolivein.Tom在找一间住的房间。（与room有动宾关系，与Tom有主谓关系）He他要维持一个家庭。（与family有动宾关系，与he有主谓关系）3、不定式修饰作表语和宾语补足语的形容词时，结构：主语+系动词+形容词+不定式；动词+宾语+形容词+不定式。如果形容词是表示难易、利弊等含义，如difficult,easy,comfortable(舒适的),convenient（便利的，方便的),hard,cheap,expensive,等，不定式用主动表被动。Thequestionisdifficulttoanswer.这个问题很难回答。Theworkiseasytodo.这项工作很好做。Ifoundthecarcomfortabletoridein.我觉得这种车很好坐。Thatmakespoetrydifficulttowrite.那就使得诗很难写。4、在beto结构中的一些不定式:这种结构中的不定式通常应用主动表被动。下列动词用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义这场火灾应由谁负责Youaretoblamefortheaccident.你应为这事受动责备。Thehouseistolet.此房出租。Alotremainstodo.还剩下许多事情要做。5、系动词没有被动形式,但有些系动词常表示被动意义。常见的有taste(吃起来),sound(听起来),prove(证明是),feel(摸上去感到),look(看起来)，smell(闻起来)等,例如Yourreasonsoundsreason你的理由听起来很合理。良药苦口。6、一些与can''t(不能)或won''t(不会)连用的动词。常用的有:lock(锁住),shut(关上),open(打开),act(上演),write(写)，cut(砍，切)，wear(穿，戴)等,用作不及物动词时，用主动表被动。例如Thedoorwon''topen.这门打不开。Itcan''tmove.它不能动。7、一些动词如sell(销售),wash(洗),clean(打扫),burn(燃烧),cook(煮)等与副词如well(好),easily(容易地),perfectly(十分地)等连用,描会事物的特性，用主动表被动，结构是主语+动词+加副词。例如这种书很畅销。这些衣服很易洗。Thepenwriteswell.这笔很好写。8、主语much,agreatdeal,little,what等，其表语如是不定式，则用不定式的主动表被动。Whatistodo?做什么？Muchistodo.太多要做的事。9、在“therebe”句型中作主语的定语如果现在分词时，所用的现在分词要用主动表被动意义。Thereisnothingdoingthesedays.这些天没事干。Iseethere’sagoodideaplanning.我知道又在打好主意。10.表示开始，结束－startbeginopenclosefinishstopend……ThedooropenedandincameMrSmith.初中英语被动语态专项练习()1ThePeople'sRepublicofChina___onOctober1,1949.A.foundB.wasfoundedC.isfoundedD.wasfound()2English____inCanada.A.speaksB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isspoken()3ThisEnglishsong___bythegirlsafterclass.A.oftensingsB.oftensangC.isoftensangD.isoftensung()4Thiskindofcar___inJapan.A,makesB.madeC.ismakingD.ismade()5Newcomputers___allovertheworld.A.isusedB.areusingC.areusedD.haveused()6Ourroommust___clean.A.keepB.bekeptC.tobekeptD.tokeep()7-I'dliketobuythatcoat.-I'msorry.___.A.itsoldB.it'ssellingC.It'sbeensoldD.ithadbeensold()8Anewhouse___atthecorneroftheroad.A.isbuildingB.isbeingbuiltC.beenbuiltD.bebuilding()9Thekey___onthetablewhenIleave.A.wasleftB.willbeleftC.isleftD.hasbeenleft()10Doctors___ineverypartoftheworld.A.needB.areneedingC.areneededD.willneed()11Hisnewbook___nextmonth.A.willbepublishedB.ispublishingC.isbeingpublishedD.hasbeenpublished()12Japanese___ineverycountry.A.isnotspokenB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isnotspeaking()13Thesepapers___yet.A.havenotwrittenB.havenotbeenwrittenC.hasnotwrittenD.hasnotbeenwritten()14Thesportsmeet___behelduntilnextweek.A.didn'tB.won'tC.isn'tD.doesn't()15-Myshoesarewornout.A.Can'ttheybemended?B.Letmehavealookatit.C.Howmuchdotheycost?D.Can'ttheymended?()16___thewatchbeenrepairedyet?Ibadlyneedit.A.DoesB.HasC.IsD.Are()17___thesedesksbeneeded?A.WillB.AreC.HasD.Do()18Why___totalkaboutityesterday?A.didn'tameetingholdB.wasn'tameetingheldC.wasn'theldameetingD.ameetingwasn'theld()19Whowasthebook___?A.writeB.wroteC.writtenD.writtenby()20Where___theseboxesA.wasB.wereC.isD.am()21Theflowers___often.A.mustbewaterB.mustbewateredC.mustwateredD.mustwater()22Thebooksmay___fortwoweeks.A.bekeptB.beborrowedC.keepD.borrow()23Thebrokenbike____herebyMrSmith.A.canmendB.canmendedC.canbemendD.canbemended()24Theoldbridgeinmyhometown___nextmonth.A.isgoingtoberebuiltB.willrebuiltC.aregoingtoberebuiltD.aregoingtorebuilt()25Theplay___atthetheatrenextSunday.A.isgoingtobeshownB.willshownC.willshowD.isshown()26Theoldstonebridge___nextweek.A.isgoingtoberebuiltB.willberebuildC.aregoingtoberebuiltD.willrebuild()27Nowthesemagazines___inthelibraryforalongtime.A.havekeptB.arekeepingC.havebeenkeepingD.havebeenkept()28Thepot___for___hotwater.A.used;keepingB.wasused;keepingC.isused;tokeepD.areused;keep()29Tea___inthesouthofChina.A.growsB.isgrownC.weregrownD.willgrow()30Thebridges___twoyearsago.A.isbuiltB.builtC.werebuiltD.wasbuilt()31Wetcloth